nclex practice questions 2023 health assessment

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: a hordeolum (stye). A hordeolum is a localized infection in the eyelid, typically caused by bacterial infection of the oil glands. In this case, the presence of a painful pustule at the lid margin, along with redness and swelling, is characteristic of a hordeolum. The pain on touch is also indicative of an infection. Choice A, a chalazion, is an inflammatory lesion caused by a blocked oil gland, but it is usually painless and not typically associated with redness or tenderness. Choice C, dacryocystitis, is an infection of the lacrimal sac, which presents with different symptoms such as tenderness over the inner corner of the eye and tearing. Choice D, blepharitis, is inflammation of the eyelid margins, but it does not typically present with a painful pustule at the lid margin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the movement of extraocular muscles is primarily controlled by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. CN III controls most of the eye movements, CN IV controls the superior oblique muscle, and CN VI controls the lateral rectus muscle. These nerves work together to coordinate eye movements in all directions. Choices A and B are incorrect because age or cataracts do not directly impact the stimulation of extraocular muscles. Choice C is incorrect as CNs I and II are not involved in controlling extraocular muscle movement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Leukoedema is a common benign condition in individuals of African descent. 2. Leukoedema presents as greyish-white lesions on the buccal mucosa. 3. It is typically asymptomatic and does not require treatment. 4. Leukoedema is not associated with any serious health concerns. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B. Hyperpigmentation would present as dark patches, not greyish-white lesions. C. Torus palatinus is a bony growth on the hard palate, not a mucosal lesion. D. Cancerous lesions typically have different characteristics and would require further investigation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Have you noticed any dryness in your mouth?" This question is important as dryness in the mouth can be a side effect of certain medications used to manage hypertension and chronic lung disease. Dry mouth can lead to oral health issues and impact the patient's overall well-being. A: "Do you use a fluoride supplement?" is not directly relevant to the patient's medical history of hypertension and lung disease. B: "Have you had tonsillitis in the last year?" is not as crucial as dry mouth in relation to managing hypertension and lung disease. C: "At what age did you get your first tooth?" is not pertinent to the current medical conditions and management of hypertension and lung disease. In summary, the question about dryness in the mouth is the most relevant as it pertains to potential medication side effects and oral health implications for the patient with hypertension and chronic lung disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: parotid gland. This gland is located in the cheek in front of the ear. It is the largest salivary gland in the human body. The parotid gland secretes saliva into the mouth through Stenson's duct. The other choices are incorrect because Stenson's gland does not exist, the sublingual gland is located under the tongue, and the submandibular gland is located under the mandible. Therefore, the parotid gland is the only gland that fits the description given in the question.