Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a mass casualty disaster following a terrorist attack, the same ground rules practiced in other settings and during smaller crises will be applicable. This is because the scale and complexity of the disaster require established protocols and procedures to manage the situation effectively. Choice A is incorrect because the response of local hospitals may not necessarily be dictated by the federal government in such situations. Choice C is incorrect because assigning the least experienced nurses to triage patients based on their perceived risk or chances of survival is not ethical or effective. Choice D is incorrect because having multiple incident commanders can lead to confusion and delays in decision-making during a crisis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse is using evidence-based practice by conducting a literature review to determine the best practice for caring for foot ulcers. Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make informed decisions about patient care. This nurse is ensuring that the care provided is based on current research and best practices, which can lead to better patient outcomes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the nurse's action of conducting a literature review to determine best practices for foot ulcer care. Choice B mentions critical thinking but does not specifically address evidence-based practice. Choice C focuses on cost-effectiveness and level of education, which are not relevant to the nurse's evidence-based practice. Choice D refers to clinical competence, which is not the main focus of the nurse's action in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: survey. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting personal interviews with individuals to gather information about educational program needs. Surveys involve collecting data from a sample of individuals through questioning, making it suitable for this situation. A: Quasi-experimental designs involve manipulation of variables and comparison of groups, which is not evident in this scenario. C: Case studies focus on in-depth analysis of a single case or a small group, not the entire community as in this case. D: Ethnography involves studying a group's culture and behavior over an extended period, which is not the main focus of the nurse's research.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a universal health care system, one universal payer (often the government) is responsible for covering all health care expenses for all citizens. This means that everyone, regardless of income or eligibility, is covered under the same system. Choice B is incorrect because a single-payer system does not necessarily limit health care access based on income; it simply means there is one entity responsible for paying health care costs. Choice C is incorrect because single-payer systems do not rely on insurance companies to pay fees; instead, the single payer itself covers the costs directly. Choice D is incorrect because it does not specify that the one payer in a universal health care system is usually the government, which is a key distinction in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: deployment flowchart. A deployment flowchart is a visual representation that outlines the steps involved in a specific process, making it ideal for the nurse to follow when administering medication at the vastus lateralis site. It provides a detailed, step-by-step guide, ensuring the process is carried out accurately and safely. Explanation of other choices: B: Top-down flowchart - This type of flowchart shows the hierarchy or sequence of steps in a process but may not provide the specific details needed for the nurse's task. C: Pareto chart - A Pareto chart is used to prioritize and identify the most significant factors in a process, not suitable for providing step-by-step instructions. D: Control plot - This term is not related to providing detailed instructions for a process, making it an incorrect choice.