Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: deployment flowchart. A deployment flowchart is a visual representation that outlines the steps involved in a specific process, making it ideal for the nurse to follow when administering medication at the vastus lateralis site. It provides a detailed, step-by-step guide, ensuring the process is carried out accurately and safely. Explanation of other choices: B: Top-down flowchart - This type of flowchart shows the hierarchy or sequence of steps in a process but may not provide the specific details needed for the nurse's task. C: Pareto chart - A Pareto chart is used to prioritize and identify the most significant factors in a process, not suitable for providing step-by-step instructions. D: Control plot - This term is not related to providing detailed instructions for a process, making it an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: case manager, according to Peplau's interpersonal relations model. In this scenario, the nurse is coordinating resources and services for the client, which aligns with the role of a case manager. Peplau's model emphasizes the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and client, focusing on understanding the client's needs and providing support. The nurse in this situation is not just providing direct care (caregiver), advocating for change (change agent), or focusing solely on cultural aspects (translator). The nurse's role as a case manager involves addressing the client's complex needs, coordinating care, and advocating for the client's well-being, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Professional duty: Nurses have a duty to provide patient-centered care regardless of personal beliefs. 2. Legal liability: Withholding treatment based on personal beliefs can lead to legal consequences. 3. Ethical considerations: Nurses must prioritize patient care over personal beliefs. 4. Rights of conscience: Nurses may have the right to refuse to participate in certain treatments, but they must still ensure patient care. 5. Patient-centered care: Nurses must respect patient autonomy and provide care based on the patient's wishes. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: B. Irrelevant to the nurse's duty to provide patient-centered care. C. Nurses should not impose their beliefs on patients but should respect and support their choices. D. Suggesting the hospital not accept federal funding does not address the nurse's duty to provide patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Spirit of Nursing statue honors all military nurses for their bravery and compassion. This is the correct answer because military nurses have demonstrated exceptional dedication and sacrifice in providing care to wounded soldiers during times of conflict. They embody the spirit of selflessness and service that is essential in the nursing profession. Incorrect answers: A: Florence Nightingale is known for her contributions to nursing and public health, but the statue specifically honors military nurses. B: Edith Cavell was a nurse who helped Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during WWI, not related to the Tuskegee experiment. C: Clara Maas was a nurse who volunteered for yellow fever experiments, but her work was not during WWII and did not lead to a cure for the disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Work with the patient and family to create an advanced plan of care. This is the best way to avoid ethical dilemmas because it involves proactive decision-making and communication among all parties involved. By creating an advanced plan of care, the patient and family can outline the patient's preferences, values, and goals for future care, ensuring that decisions align with the patient's wishes. This helps prevent potential conflicts and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding the patient's care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Explaining cognitive decline does not directly address how to avoid ethical dilemmas and may cause unnecessary distress. C: Discussing religious and spiritual concerns is important but may not specifically address future ethical dilemmas related to care decisions. D: Identifying family members in control of decision-making does not necessarily prevent ethical dilemmas and may overlook the patient's autonomy and preferences.