foundation of nursing questions and answers

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A barrier to hospice care for this patient. The lack of knowledge about hospice care can be perceived as a barrier to accessing this type of care for the patient and her family. Understanding hospice care is crucial in making informed decisions about end-of-life care options. This lack of knowledge does not necessarily indicate lack of education (choice A), language barrier (choice B), or inability to grasp American concepts of health care (choice D), as hospice care is a universal concept that transcends cultural and educational backgrounds.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Occlude the puncta after applying the medication. By occluding the puncta after applying the eye drops, the nurse can prevent the medication from draining into the nasolacrimal duct and being absorbed systemically. This is important to ensure that the medication remains in the eye and exerts its intended local effect. Choice A (Ensure that the patient is well hydrated at all times) is incorrect because hydration status does not directly prevent absorption through the nasolacrimal duct. Choice B (Encourage self-administration of eye drops) is incorrect as the method of administration does not prevent absorption through the nasolacrimal duct. Choice D (Position the patient supine before administering eye drops) is incorrect as it does not address the specific issue of preventing absorption through the nasolacrimal duct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The plausible conclusion the nurse should draw is that the patient has not achieved the desired learning outcomes. 1. The patient's repeated questions indicate a lack of understanding despite the nurse's teaching efforts. 2. This suggests that the patient has not grasped the information provided. 3. It does not necessarily mean the patient is not listening effectively, noncompliant, or has low intelligence. 4. The focus should be on reassessing the teaching methods and providing additional support to help the patient achieve the desired learning outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The patient is in a honeymoon period when adverse effects of levodopa-carbidopa are not yet evident. This is because the initial response to levodopa-carbidopa in Parkinson's disease can be very positive, leading to significant symptom relief. However, over time, as the disease progresses and the body adjusts to the medication, adverse effects such as dyskinesias may become more prominent. Choice B is incorrect because the benefits of levodopa-carbidopa can be seen relatively soon after initiation of treatment and do not necessarily take 6 to 9 months to peak. Choice C is incorrect as the temporary improvement is likely related to the medication, given the significant symptom relief experienced. Choice D is incorrect because while benefits may diminish over time, it is not necessarily after 1 or 2 years of treatment, and some patients may continue to benefit from the medication long-term.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because using clock cues helps the patient visualize the placement of items based on a familiar concept. This aids in compensating for the loss of vision after head trauma. Choice B does not provide specific guidance on how to describe the placement. Choice C may be confusing for the patient as it is not a common way to describe item placement. Choice D puts unnecessary burden on the patient to describe the location first before confirming, which may be challenging for someone with sudden loss of vision.