health assessment exam 2 test bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cold, dry air. Cold, dry air is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations, as it can irritate the airways and lead to bronchoconstriction. This trigger can worsen asthma symptoms and increase the risk of an asthma attack. Educating the patient to avoid cold, dry air can help prevent asthma flare-ups. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Exercise-induced asthma is triggered by physical activity but can be managed with proper warm-up and medication. It is not typically something to avoid altogether. C: Caffeine is a mild bronchodilator and can actually help alleviate asthma symptoms in some cases. D: Environmental allergens can trigger asthma in some individuals, but they vary from person to person, so avoidance strategies would depend on specific allergens identified through testing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because stopping medication without consulting a healthcare provider can lead to uncontrolled hypertension. Choice A shows understanding of monitoring blood pressure, B demonstrates adherence to medication regimen, and D indicates awareness of dietary management. Choice C is incorrect because abruptly stopping medication can have serious health consequences, making further education necessary.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because stopping the inhaler once feeling better is incorrect. Inhalers are used to manage COPD symptoms long-term, not just when feeling unwell. Step 1: Explain that inhalers are essential for managing COPD and should be used consistently. Step 2: Emphasize that stopping inhaler use prematurely can lead to exacerbation of symptoms and worsening of the condition. Step 3: Reinforce the importance of following the prescribed treatment plan for optimal COPD management. Other choices are incorrect: A: True, avoiding second-hand smoke is crucial for COPD management. B: True, taking medications as prescribed is essential. D: True, breathing exercises can help improve lung function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it shows empathy and validation towards the patient's emotions. By acknowledging the patient's sadness and giving her permission to cry, the nurse creates a safe and supportive environment. This response helps the patient feel understood and accepted, facilitating emotional expression and potentially leading to a deeper therapeutic relationship. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on the nurse's discomfort rather than the patient's feelings. Choice C is incorrect as it may come across as dismissive of the patient's emotions. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests avoiding the topic rather than addressing the patient's feelings directly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pitting edema and weight gain. In chronic heart failure, worsening symptoms indicate fluid retention. Pitting edema in the extremities and weight gain are signs of fluid overload, indicating worsening heart failure. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor these signs to prevent exacerbation. Fatigue and shortness of breath (Choice A) are common symptoms in heart failure but not specific to worsening condition. Increased urine output (Choice B) is not typically seen in worsening heart failure as the kidneys may be compromised. Decreased blood pressure (Choice C) can occur in acute decompensation but is not a consistent sign of worsening chronic heart failure.