Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Understanding one's values: It is essential for the nurse to know their own values and how these impact their nursing practice. 2. Relationship to beliefs and nursing philosophy: Knowing one's values helps align with the ethical principles and philosophy of nursing. 3. Ethical decision-making: By understanding personal values, the nurse can make informed and ethical decisions in the care of the client. 4. Professional integrity: Being aware of personal values promotes professional integrity and ensures the nurse's actions are in line with ethical standards. Summary: - Option B is incorrect as the focus should be on understanding and reconciling one's values rather than eliminating them. - Option C is incorrect as ignoring one's values can lead to ethical dilemmas and compromise the quality of care. - Option D is incorrect as values are subject to change and can be influenced by various factors, including professional experiences and education.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Expert. An RN with excellent assessment and psychomotor skills derives power from their expertise in the field. They are respected and trusted for their knowledge and abilities, giving them influence over others. Rewards (A) and coercion (B) are forms of power derived from external factors like incentives or threats, not skills. Legitimate power (D) comes from one's position or title, not necessarily from skills. In this case, the RN's power comes from their expertise, making choice C the most appropriate answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Nurses of America's media campaign aimed to highlight nurses as expert clinicians, emphasizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise in patient care. This choice aligns with the campaign's goal and message. Choice B is incorrect because the campaign did not specifically advocate for a higher nurse/patient ratio. Choice C is incorrect as the campaign sought to make nurses more visible in the news media. Choice D is incorrect because while nurses are caring, the focus of the campaign was on their clinical expertise.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Capitation. Capitation is a payment model where healthcare providers receive a fixed amount per patient per month to provide all necessary healthcare services. This aligns with the description of the plan in the question, offering services based on a monthly fee per participant. Capitation also emphasizes preventive care, diagnostic services, and treatment, making it the most suitable choice. A: Prospective payment system is a method where healthcare providers are paid a fixed amount per service in advance. This does not match the description of the plan in the question. B: Retrospective payment system involves reimbursing healthcare providers after services are delivered based on the actual costs incurred. This is not based on a monthly fee per participant. C: Single-payer system refers to a healthcare system where a single public or quasi-public agency organizes healthcare financing. This is not based on a monthly fee per participant.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system. The Social Security Act of 1935 established social insurance programs to provide financial support for retired and elderly individuals. This was done through the implementation of Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. The Act aimed to address the economic insecurity faced by older adults and their families by providing a safety net through a national insurance system. Incorrect answers: A: Increasing research on minority groups was not the primary purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935. B: Providing medical care for chemically impaired persons was not the primary focus of the Act. D: Decreasing the public's financial burden by limiting services offered by local health departments was not the primary goal of the Act.