Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a compact state, the mutual recognition model allows nurses to practice across state lines without obtaining additional licenses. This model ensures that patients' rights are protected by requiring nurses to adhere to the nurse practice act of the state where the patient is located. This promotes nursing mobility while maintaining regulatory standards. A is incorrect because nurses must follow the nurse practice act of the state where they are practicing, not necessarily the largest state. C is incorrect because nurses do not have to pay for a license in all participating states under the mutual recognition model. D is incorrect because the nurse practice act outlines the scope of practice, not necessarily the list of skills that can be performed across state lines.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the legal definition of standard of care. In healthcare, the standard of care refers to the level of care that a reasonably prudent healthcare professional would provide in similar circumstances. Checking potassium level and pulse before administering a drug is considered standard practice to prevent adverse reactions. The nurse's testimony is based on this standard of care requirement to ensure patient safety and avoid potential harm. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of standard of care in healthcare practice. B pertains to patient consent, C to the doctrine of "the thing speaks for itself," and D to immunity from liability for certain actions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: shock or rejection. This phase of reality shock is characterized by feelings of being overwhelmed, confused, and unsure of how to proceed despite having knowledge. The novice nurse is experiencing a sense of rejection towards the situation due to the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This phase is common among new healthcare professionals as they transition from academic learning to real-world clinical practice. A: Honeymoon phase refers to the initial period of excitement and enthusiasm in a new role. C: Recovery phase is when the individual starts to adapt and become more comfortable with the new role. D: Resolution phase is the final stage where the individual fully integrates into the role and becomes confident and competent. In this scenario, the novice nurse is clearly struggling and feeling overwhelmed, indicating that they are in the shock or rejection phase, making choice B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Zero-based. Zero-based budgeting requires starting from scratch each budget cycle, meaning all expenses must be justified regardless of previous budgets. In this scenario, the nurse managers are planning for a budget based on the expectation of lower patient census due to the economic slowdown. This aligns with the zero-based approach as they will need to re-evaluate and justify all expenses to accommodate the changes in patient volume. A: Incremental budgeting involves making adjustments to the previous budget, which is not suitable for significant changes like a decrease in patient census. C: Productivity metrics focus on measuring efficiency and performance, rather than the budgeting approach. D: Capital budgeting is related to long-term investments in assets, which is not the primary focus in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Correct. Nurses with different education levels (e.g., associate vs. bachelor's degree) have varied scope of practice. BSN-prepared nurses typically have a broader scope compared to ADN-prepared nurses. B: Incorrect. Nursing licenses can be revoked or suspended for various reasons such as misconduct or negligence. C: Incorrect. Nurse practice acts outline licensure requirements, but not specifically for initial licensure. D: Incorrect. States may inquire about the mental or physical status of applicants to ensure they are fit to practice safely.