geriatric nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: A, B, C

Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, and C. A cultural assessment is important in healthcare settings to understand the patient's beliefs, values, and practices related to health and illness. A) Culture guides decision making about health, illness, and preventive care because beliefs and practices vary among cultures. B) Culture provides direction for individuals on how to interact during health care encounters as communication styles and expectations differ based on culture. C) Culture impacts attitudes toward aging as perceptions of aging, care for the elderly, and end-of-life decisions are influenced by cultural beliefs. D is incorrect because individuals within the same culture may still have diverse reactions in similar situations due to personal differences and experiences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monitoring for electrolyte imbalances and adjusting medications accordingly. In advanced CKD, electrolyte imbalances can worsen kidney function and lead to complications. Monitoring electrolytes like potassium and adjusting medications such as diuretics is crucial. A: Initiating early dialysis is not always necessary and should be based on individual patient factors. B: Avoiding all medications is not feasible as some medications are essential and can be adjusted based on kidney function. D: Limiting fluid intake to less than 500 mL per day is too restrictive and can lead to dehydration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fewer than 50% of older adults utilize available preventive services. This is important for a community health initiative as it highlights a gap in healthcare utilization among seniors. By recognizing this statistic, the nurse can tailor the initiative to target the barriers preventing seniors from accessing preventive services. Rationale: 1. Option A is incorrect because stating that approximately 60% of older adults actively participate in preventive health services is misleading. The actual utilization rate is lower. 2. Option C is incorrect as it focuses on preference for alternative medicine rather than actual utilization of preventive health services. 3. Option D is incorrect as it states preventive health services are equally utilized by older and younger adults, which is not supported by data regarding senior healthcare utilization.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Age-related changes in liver function. As people age, there are changes in liver metabolism and blood flow, affecting the processing of anesthetic agents. Liver function declines with age, leading to slower drug metabolism and clearance, increasing the risk of adverse reactions. Decreased muscle mass (A) may affect drug distribution but not metabolism. Decreased renal function (B) can impact drug excretion but is not the primary reason for adverse reactions. Increased body fat (C) can alter drug distribution but is not the main factor in anesthesia reactions for older adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Installing safety bars and removing tripping hazards. This strategy addresses environmental factors that contribute to falls in older adults. Safety bars provide support, while removing tripping hazards reduces the risk of accidents. Restricting mobility (choice A) can lead to muscle weakness and increase fall risk. Increasing medication dosages (choice C) can cause side effects like dizziness, increasing fall risk. Providing frequent sedation (choice D) can impair alertness and balance, also increasing fall risk. Thus, choice B is the most effective strategy to reduce falls by modifying the physical environment.