Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse should primarily communicate with the patient, not just the daughter. The nurse should engage the patient in conversation, address them directly, and ensure their needs and concerns are being addressed. Speaking only to the daughter could neglect the patient's autonomy and lead to potential communication barriers. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they all involve appropriate communication techniques with the patient, such as making eye contact, leaning forward to show attentiveness, and nodding to indicate understanding. These actions demonstrate good communication skills and rapport-building with the patient, which are important in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Etiology. Etiology in a nursing diagnosis refers to the cause or contributing factors that lead to the identified problem. In this case, the presence of a large scar over the left side of the face is the underlying cause of the disturbed self-esteem. It directly influences the client's self-perception and self-worth. The problem (B) is the disturbed self-esteem itself, not the scar. Defining characteristics (C) are the signs and symptoms that support the nursing diagnosis. Client need (D) is a broader concept that encompasses the overall needs of the client, whereas etiology specifically focuses on the cause of the problem.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because morning administration of prednisone mimics the body's natural corticosteroid secretion pattern. Cortisol, a natural corticosteroid, is typically highest in the morning and decreases throughout the day. By taking prednisone in the morning, the client aligns the drug's peak concentration with the body's natural cortisol levels, optimizing its therapeutic effects. Choice A is incorrect because while taking the drug at the same time daily is important for consistency, it does not specifically address the rationale for morning administration. Choice B is incorrect as the effectiveness of prednisone is not solely dependent on its half-life but also on alignment with the body's natural rhythm. Choice D is also incorrect as prednisone can be taken with food and does not necessarily require an empty stomach for optimal absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levodopa. Levodopa is the most effective pharmacologic agent for Parkinson's disease as it is converted to dopamine in the brain, replenishing dopamine levels which are depleted in Parkinson's. Selegiline and Symmetrel provide symptomatic relief but are not as effective as Levodopa. Permax is not commonly used due to its association with serious side effects like heart valve damage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Moisture replacement. Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the moisture-producing glands, leading to dryness in the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes. Nursing care should focus on managing these symptoms by providing moisture replacement through artificial tears, lubricating eye drops, and hydrating mouthwashes. This helps prevent complications such as corneal damage and dental issues. Nutritional supplementation (B) may be needed if there are difficulties in eating due to dry mouth, but it is not the primary focus. Electrolyte balance (C) and arrhythmia management (D) are not directly related to the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome and are therefore not the main priorities in nursing care for this condition.