Midwifery Exam Questions and Answers PDF

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because an acute small for gestational age neonate will have all body parts proportionately reduced in size compared to a normal gestational age baby. This is due to intrauterine growth restriction. Choice B is incorrect because the head is not disproportionately larger. Choice C is incorrect as it states the body is larger than the head, which is not the case in SGA babies. Choice D is incorrect as SGA babies typically appear thin with a scaphoid abdomen, not plumpy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continue the current regimen. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used to treat ascites. The weight loss of 0.75 kg/day indicates that the current regimen is effective. Continuing the regimen is appropriate to avoid electrolyte imbalances. Discontinuing spironolactone (Choice B) can lead to rebound edema. Adding a loop diuretic (Choice C) may increase the risk of electrolyte disturbances. Large-volume paracentesis (Choice D) is reserved for cases of refractory ascites.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Cognitive ability is important for decision-making during surgery. 2. Functional status helps assess the patient's ability to recover post-surgery. 3. Competency assessment ensures the patient can consent to surgery. 4. Frailty score predicts surgical outcomes in geriatric patients. 5. Cognitive ability is not typically assessed preoperatively in the ACS/NSQIP guidelines. Summary: - A: Cognitive ability is not typically part of preoperative evaluation. - B: Functional status is important for post-surgery recovery. - C: Competency assessment is crucial for informed consent. - D: Frailty score helps predict surgical outcomes in geriatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Submentovertival, bitemporal. In a face presentation, the presenting diameters are submentovertival (chin to vertex) and bitemporal (temple to temple). This is because the fetus is in a face-first position with the chin presenting first. Option B is incorrect because submentobregmatic is not a recognized presenting diameter in face presentation. Option C is incorrect as biparietal refers to the widest transverse diameter of the fetal head, not relevant in face presentation. Option D is incorrect as mentovertical is not a valid presenting diameter in face presentation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Escherichia coli. E. coli is the most common causative organism of pyelonephritis due to its prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract. It has specific virulence factors that enable it to ascend the urinary tract and cause infection. Streptococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus pyogene are less commonly associated with pyelonephritis compared to E. coli.