Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C being correct: 1. Restlessness: Indicates increased work of breathing and hypoxia. 2. Suprasternal retractions: Sign of respiratory distress. 3. paO2 of 62: Indicates severe hypoxemia, common in ARDS. Summary: A: Enlarged heart on x-ray does not directly indicate ARDS. B: Thick green sputum suggests infection, not specific to ARDS. D: Wheezes and slow respirations are not typical of ARDS, and pCO2 is normal in ARDS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the client's value as an individual by directly addressing them and asking about their own self-care practices, which respects their autonomy and personhood. Choice A focuses on the client's father rather than the client themselves. Choice B addresses the daughter, not the client, and implies a lack of prioritization of the client's needs. Choice D is dismissive and does not recognize the client's capacity to communicate, undermining their dignity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Observe the patient for bleeding. Before a bone marrow biopsy, it is crucial to monitor the patient for bleeding tendencies as the procedure can cause bleeding. This step ensures early detection and prompt intervention if bleeding occurs. Explanation for other choices: A: Explaining the procedure to the family is important for informed consent but not the most crucial before the procedure. C: Administering an analgesic may be necessary for pain management but monitoring for bleeding takes precedence. D: Draping the biopsy site is important for maintaining a sterile field but does not directly impact patient safety like monitoring for bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because turning the patient every 2 hours helps prevent pressure ulcers caused by shearing forces. This intervention redistributes pressure, improving blood flow to the skin, thus reducing the risk of skin breakdown. Administering pain medication (A) does not directly address the skin integrity issue. Monitoring vital signs (C) is important but does not address skin integrity. Keeping bed rails up (D) may actually increase the risk of shearing forces.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: I.V. administration and urinary excretion. Lomustine is typically administered intravenously, allowing for rapid systemic distribution. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys, thus the urinary route. This choice is correct as lomustine's pharmacokinetics align with this pattern. A: Oral administration and urinary - While some drugs are administered orally, lomustine is not typically given orally due to poor bioavailability. C: I.V. administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect. D: Oral administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect.