Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas. Soap can irritate the skin and exacerbate the risk for impaired skin integrity in a client receiving radiation therapy. By avoiding soap, we minimize the risk of skin breakdown and promote skin healing. B: Applying talcum powder can actually worsen skin irritation and should be avoided. C: Wearing a lead apron is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis of risk for impaired skin integrity. D: Removing thoracic skin markings is not necessary for skin integrity and may disrupt the treatment plan.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary edema causes an increase in pressure in the pulmonary circulation, leading to an alteration in afterload due to increased resistance. It also causes fluid accumulation in the pulmonary vessels, affecting preload. Additionally, the heart may compensate by increasing contractility. Therefore, all of the above choices are altered in pulmonary edema. The incorrect choices are A, B, and C individually as they only represent one aspect of the alterations seen in pulmonary edema, while the correct answer D encompasses all three factors affected in this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Malignant melanoma, basal cell epithelioma, and squamous cell carcinoma are all forms of skin cancer associated with prolonged sun exposure. Melanoma is the deadliest form, originating in melanocytes; basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are more common but less aggressive. All three types can develop due to cumulative UV radiation exposure. Therefore, all options are correct in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because signs and symptoms listed are indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is a serious condition where blood clotting and bleeding occur simultaneously. Change in level of consciousness can indicate hypoperfusion from clotting in blood vessels. Tachypnea and tachycardia can result from tissue hypoxia. Petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin due to bleeding under the skin. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical signs and symptoms of DIC. Choice B suggests a possible myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Choice C indicates a possible thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or acute limb ischemia. Choice D suggests a mix of symptoms that do not typically present together in DIC.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because shampooing the hair thoroughly helps remove oil and dirt, which can interfere with the CT scan results. By having clean hair, the scan can produce clearer images. Choice B is incorrect because some preparation is needed for a CT scan, especially regarding cleanliness. Choice C is incorrect as giving a cleansing enema and fluids until 8 AM is not necessary for a CT scan of the head. Choice D is incorrect as shaving the scalp and attaching electrodes are not part of routine preparation for a CT scan.