Proctored Pharmacology ATI

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Muscle pain should be reported immediately as it can indicate rhabdomyolysis, a severe adverse effect of atorvastatin. Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle pain, weakness, and can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage, making it crucial for the nurse to notify the provider promptly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Grapefruit juice affects carbamazepine metabolism and should be avoided. It can lead to increased levels of the medication, potentially causing toxicity. Monitoring carbamazepine blood levels and the complete blood count (CBC) is essential to ensure the medication's efficacy and safety. Carbamazepine can cause serious adverse effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, the client should promptly report any rash to the healthcare provider. Additionally, the client should be educated about potential central nervous system (CNS) side effects such as drowsiness or dizziness, and advised to avoid activities requiring alertness until these effects diminish.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. When administered orally, propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to reduced bioavailability. This process is known as first-pass hepatic metabolism, which significantly affects the drug's effectiveness and necessitates higher oral doses compared to other routes of administration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The expected outcome of Valproate therapy is a decrease in seizure activity. Valproate is commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy to help control and reduce seizure frequency.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clotting. Protamine sulfate works by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Vitamin K is not the antidote for Heparin; it is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, another type of anticoagulant. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioids, and Toradol is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief.