ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Urinary retention is a common anticholinergic effect associated with amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant. Amitriptyline can cause relaxation of the bladder sphincter muscles, leading to urinary retention. Monitoring for this adverse effect is crucial to prevent complications and ensure prompt intervention if needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A decrease in episodes of angina indicates that Aspirin is effectively preventing the formation of clots that could lead to cardiovascular events. Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease. Aspirin works by inhibiting platelet aggregation, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation in the arteries. Improvement in angina symptoms suggests that the medication is successfully preventing clot-related complications in the cardiovascular system. Monitoring and recognizing a decrease in angina episodes can be a valuable indicator of the medication's efficacy in preventing cardiovascular events.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding, which can occur due to chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker, can increase digoxin levels, leading to toxicity. When given together, the digoxin dosage may need adjustment, and the nurse should closely monitor the client's digoxin levels to prevent toxicity symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it can cause potassium retention, leading to elevated potassium levels. A potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L is above the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and indicates hyperkalemia, which can be a serious condition. Therefore, this finding should be promptly reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management to prevent potential complications.