Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hildegard E. Peplau. Peplau's nursing theory focuses on interpersonal relations, emphasizing the nurse-client relationship. In this situation, the client's anxiety and inability to participate in the diet plan are directly related to the negative interaction with the spouse. Peplau's theory suggests that the nurse can intervene by providing emotional support, facilitating communication, and helping the client manage anxiety. Rogers' theory focuses on the science of unitary human beings, which is not directly applicable here. Nightingale's theory emphasizes environmental factors, not interpersonal relationships. Levine's theory focuses on conservation principles, which are not directly relevant to addressing the client's anxiety and relational issues. Therefore, Peplau's theory best guides interventions in this situation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Controlling. Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to objectives, and taking corrective actions. In this scenario, the manager is reviewing unexpected expenditures and quality indicators to ensure they align with goals and standards. Directing focuses on guiding and motivating employees. Planning involves setting goals and determining actions to achieve them. Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: State. State governments are responsible for enforcing health policies such as certificates of inspection within their own jurisdiction. They have the authority to regulate and monitor health standards at the state level. Local governments (A) typically focus on implementing policies within their specific region, while federal governments (C) oversee broader health policies that apply across the entire country. International (D) level does not have jurisdiction over local health policies. Therefore, the state level is the most appropriate answer for enforcing a certificate of inspection in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the nurse who refuses to work an extra shift despite needing money is more prone to burnout. This choice indicates a lack of work-life balance and boundary-setting, leading to increased stress and potential burnout. Refusing to take breaks or extra shifts can result in exhaustion and emotional strain. Option A is incorrect as academic performance does not necessarily correlate with burnout. Option B, being industrious and conscientious, is actually a positive trait that may help prevent burnout through effective time management and self-care. Option D's involvement in one committee and maintaining school connections is also not indicative of burnout risk, as long as boundaries are maintained.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care is a diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease. Palliative care focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, regardless of the stage of the disease or the prognosis. This means that palliative care can be appropriate for patients with a variety of life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live. Choices B and C are incorrect because while they are important factors in healthcare decision-making, they are not the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care. Choice D is also incorrect because palliative care can be provided to patients with various life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live.