geriatric nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: administer the lowest dose of 2 mg. In older adults, especially the elderly, it is essential to start with the lowest effective dose of medication to minimize the risk of adverse effects. This approach follows the principle of "start low and go slow" when administering medications to older adults due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and increased sensitivity to medications. Administering the lowest effective dose helps to reduce the risk of potential complications such as respiratory depression, sedation, and falls. Choice A (administer the highest dose of 6 mg) is incorrect because starting with the highest dose can increase the risk of adverse effects in older adults. Choice C (avoid the narcotic because of the risk of addiction) is incorrect as it is important to manage pain effectively in post-operative patients, and opioids can be safely used under proper supervision. Choice D (administer the dose only when the client asks for the medication 2 times) is incorrect as pain management should be

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regular review and adjustment of medications by healthcare providers. This approach is the best because it involves healthcare professionals regularly assessing the appropriateness of each medication, adjusting dosages, and eliminating unnecessary drugs to minimize potential adverse effects and drug interactions in older adults. This proactive management strategy ensures that the patient's medication regimen is optimized for their specific health needs, reducing the risks associated with polypharmacy. Choice A (Regular use of over-the-counter medications) is incorrect as it does not address the issue of polypharmacy and may actually contribute to it. Choice B (Reducing the number of medications based on patient preferences) is not the best approach as patient preferences alone may not always align with the most effective and safe medication regimen. Choice D (Relying solely on herbal supplements) is also incorrect as herbal supplements can interact with prescribed medications, leading to potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is the most common chronic condition affecting older adults in the U.S. This is because aging increases the risk of developing hypertension due to changes in blood vessels and the heart. Hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease and stroke. Summary: B: Osteoporosis primarily affects bone density and is more common in older women. C: Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that affects memory and cognitive function, but it is not as prevalent as hypertension among older adults. D: Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels and while it is common, hypertension is more prevalent in older adults in the U.S.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Free radical theory. This theory states that aging is caused by the accumulation of damage from free radicals in the body, which can be countered by antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables. Thus, the nurse considering the importance of a diet high in fruits and vegetables aligns with the free radical theory. Incorrect choices: A: Oxidative stress theory focuses on the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, not specifically on fruits and vegetables. B: Immunological theory relates to the immune system's role in aging, not directly linked to diet. D: Telomere theory concerns the role of telomeres in aging, not directly related to the benefits of fruits and vegetables.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Biomedical. Biomedical health belief system focuses on treating diseases and conditions by repairing or replacing specific body parts through medical interventions such as surgeries, medications, and therapies. This approach is based on scientific evidence and aims to address the physical aspects of health. Incorrect choices: A: Holistic - Holistic health belief system emphasizes treating the whole person, including physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects, rather than focusing solely on repairing specific body parts. C: Personalistic - Personalistic health belief system attributes illnesses to external factors such as curses or supernatural forces, rather than treating specific body parts. D: Magicoreligious - Magicoreligious health belief system relies on magical or religious rituals to heal illnesses, rather than repairing body parts through medical interventions.