Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the body is in a state of metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. One of the compensatory mechanisms to decrease the acidity in the body is increased breathing, known as Kussmaul breathing. This type of breathing is characterized by a rapid and deep pattern to blow off excess carbon dioxide and decrease the acidity of the blood. Therefore, in a patient with DKA, you would expect to observe rapid and deep breathing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most likely cause of neck pain in this scenario is a cervical sprain. A cervical sprain is an injury to the ligaments in the neck as a result of sudden force or trauma, such as a motor vehicle collision. The symptoms of a cervical sprain typically include pain, stiffness in the neck, and muscle spasm. The fact that the patient has pain and spasm over the paraspinous muscles on one side of the neck, along with pain during active range of motion, is characteristic of a sprain. It is important to consider this diagnosis in individuals who have recently experienced trauma to the neck region. Treatment for a cervical sprain usually includes pain management, rest, and gentle stretching exercises to help with recovery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pain in the calf is a common symptom of atherosclerosis in the lower extremities, also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD). Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. The calf pain associated with PAD is often described as cramping, aching, or fatigue that occurs during walking and is relieved with rest. This is called intermittent claudication. Thigh, knee, and ankle pain could have other causes, but calf pain specifically raises concerns for atherosclerosis in the lower extremities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The right ventricle is the only chamber of the heart that can be assessed by palpation during a cardiac examination. The right ventricle is located close to the sternum on the anterior chest wall, making it accessible for palpation. By palpating the area near the lower left sternal border, just beside the sternum, a healthcare provider can assess the size and function of the right ventricle. It is important to note that the other chambers of the heart (left atrium and right atrium) are not typically assessed by palpation due to their deeper location within the chest cavity. The sinus node, which is responsible for generating the heart's electrical impulses, is also not directly palpable during a cardiac examination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the body is in a state of metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. One of the compensatory mechanisms to decrease the acidity in the body is increased breathing, known as Kussmaul breathing. This type of breathing is characterized by a rapid and deep pattern to blow off excess carbon dioxide and decrease the acidity of the blood. Therefore, in a patient with DKA, you would expect to observe rapid and deep breathing.