Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing Process Questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: He walked home in a cold rain. Walking in cold rain can lead to vasoconstriction, which impairs blood flow, increasing the likelihood of a sickle cell crisis in individuals with sickle cell disease. This can cause red blood cells to sickle and block blood vessels, leading to pain and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and D do not directly affect the physiology of sickle cell disease and are less likely to trigger a crisis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lung cancer. Lung cancer causes the most deaths in women due to its high mortality rate. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poorer outcomes. Breast cancer, although common, has a lower mortality rate compared to lung cancer. Brain cancer is relatively rare in comparison. Colon and rectal cancer, while significant, do not surpass lung cancer in terms of causing the most deaths in women.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Crowded living conditions do not directly increase the risk of lung cancer. Step 2: Passive smoke (choice A) and air pollution (choice C) contain carcinogens linked to lung cancer. Step 3: Diet low in fruits and vegetables (choice D) may lead to poor immune function, potentially impacting cancer risk. Step 4: In summary, crowded living conditions do not contribute to lung cancer risk compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because sharp pain is a subjective cue as it is based on the client's personal experience and perception. The client is the only one who can report the presence and intensity of pain. B: Small bloody drainage is an objective cue that can be observed and measured by the nurse. C: Temperature of 102 degrees F is an objective cue that can be measured using a thermometer. D: Pulse rate of 90 beats per minute is an objective cue that can be measured using a pulse oximeter. In summary, subjective cues are based on the client's feelings and perceptions, while objective cues are observable and measurable by the healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct answer is missing from the choices provided. However, for a client with an immune system disorder, essential nursing actions include: E: Educate the client on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to infections, and adhering to prescribed medications. This is crucial for managing the immune system disorder effectively. Incorrect choices: A: Following agency guidelines is important but doesn't specifically address the client's immune system disorder. B: Reviewing drug references may be necessary but is not a priority in managing the immune system disorder. C: Advising the client on modifying the home environment is not directly related to managing the immune system disorder. D: Monitoring the client for depression is important but not specific to addressing the immune system disorder.