ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: If MEGA was only detected in feces and not in urine, it was not absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorbed compounds typically appear in urine after processing by the body. The correct answer is A because the presence of a compound in feces indicates that it was not absorbed by the body and passed through the digestive system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the process of absorption and excretion in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diglycerides. A diglyceride is a glycerol molecule combined with two fatty acids. This is a common form of fat during digestion and absorption. Choice A, Compound lipids, is incorrect because these lipids are composed of simple lipids plus additional compounds, which is not the case with a glycerol molecule combined with two fatty acids. Choice B, Monoglycerides, is incorrect because these are glycerol molecules combined with only one fatty acid, not two. Lastly, choice D, Structural lipids, is incorrect because these are major components of cell membranes and do not directly relate to the combination of glycerol and two fatty acids.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In both gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance in these types of diabetes prevents glucose from entering the cells, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. On the other hand, Type I diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin because the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B. Choice C, Type I diabetes, is not characterized by insulin resistance but rather by the body's inability to produce insulin. Therefore, it is incorrect. Choice D, Both A and B, includes the correct options of gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pepsin, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a proteolytic enzyme that is essential for the breakdown of large protein molecules in the stomach. Gastric lipase, choice A, is incorrect because it primarily targets fats, not proteins, hence it is not involved in protein hydrolysis. Mucus, choice C, is incorrect as it serves to protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juices and does not play a direct role in protein digestion. Intrinsic factor, choice D, is incorrect as it is vital for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the small intestine and doesn't participate in the process of hydrolyzing proteins.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients with kidney stones should increase their intake of fluids. Increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the urine and reduce the risk of kidney stones forming by flushing out minerals that can crystallize. This promotes the passage of small stones and helps prevent the formation of new ones. Vitamin C and protein intake should be moderated as excessive consumption may lead to the formation of certain types of kidney stones. Oxalates should be limited in the diet as they can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones, a common type of kidney stone.