Nursing Process 1 Test Questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypocalcemia. Severe diarrhea can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including low calcium levels. Decreased muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are classic signs of hypocalcemia. Calcium is essential for proper muscle function and nerve transmission. Hypernatremia (A) is high sodium levels, not related to decreased muscle tone. Hyperchloremia (B) is high chloride levels, not associated with muscle tone changes. Hypokalemia (C) is low potassium levels, which can cause muscle weakness but not specifically decreased muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes like hypocalcemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because changing habits and customs that predispose the individual to cancer is crucial in preventing cancer. This includes lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding excessive sun exposure. By modifying behaviors that increase cancer risk, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of developing cancer. A: Increasing governmental control of potential carcinogens is not the first step towards effective cancer control as individual behaviors have a more direct impact on cancer risk. C: Conducting more mass screening programs is important but not the first step as prevention through lifestyle changes takes priority. D: Educating the public and professionals about cancer is essential but changing habits is the initial crucial step in effective cancer control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring for signs of restlessness, sweating, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy is essential in managing hyperthyroidism. Restlessness can indicate increased metabolic rate, sweating can be due to excessive heat production, and weight loss can be a sign of overactive thyroid function. Providing extra blankets (Choice A) may worsen symptoms of heat intolerance. Balancing activity and rest (Choice C) is important, but not specific to hyperthyroidism. Encouraging activity to prevent constipation (Choice D) is not directly related to managing hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most pertinent nursing diagnosis for the patient with a right femur fracture stabilized in a full leg cast is "Acute pain" (Choice C). The rationale for this is as follows: 1. The patient is experiencing moderate discomfort due to the fracture and immobilization in the cast, indicating a need for pain management. 2. Acute pain is a priority in this situation as it can impact the patient's comfort, mobility, and overall recovery. 3. Managing pain effectively is crucial for promoting healing, preventing complications, and improving the patient's quality of life. 4. Posttrauma syndrome (Choice A) may be a consideration in the long term but is not the immediate priority. Constipation (Choice B) is not the most pertinent nursing diagnosis in this scenario. Anxiety (Choice D) may be present but addressing pain is more urgent and directly related to the patient's current condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Perform a thorough nursing health history. This method is the best for gathering information about a patient's habits and lifestyle patterns because it involves asking specific questions related to the patient's daily routines, habits, and lifestyle choices. By obtaining a comprehensive health history, the nurse can gather valuable information about the patient's diet, exercise habits, sleep patterns, stress levels, substance use, and other lifestyle factors that may impact their health. Reviewing lab results (A) may provide some information but not specifically about habits and lifestyle. Conducting a physical assessment (B) focuses more on the patient's physical condition rather than lifestyle. Prolonging the termination phase of the interview (D) is not a method of data collection and does not focus on gathering information about habits and lifestyle patterns.