Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ethnographic research allows researchers to be neutral observers because it involves immersing oneself in the culture or community being studied without imposing their own biases or preconceptions. Ethnographers aim to understand the perspectives and behaviors of the people they are studying by observing them in their natural environment and engaging in participant observation. This approach enables researchers to gain insights into the social and cultural context of their subjects without influencing the outcomes or reactions. By maintaining neutrality and objectivity, ethnographic researchers can produce more authentic and unbiased results.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Children with ADHD often display hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, such as excessive running, climbing, and fidgeting. These behaviors are characteristic symptoms of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Children with ADHD may struggle to sit still, have difficulty engaging in quiet activities, and often seem on the go. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see signs of excessive movement and restlessness in a child with ADHD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The member of the health team responsible for preparing pre-operative orders for a patient undergoing surgery, such as a coronary arterial bypass graft (CABG), is typically the anesthesiologist. Anesthesiologists are specialized physicians who are trained to administer anesthesia and manage the patient's well-being during surgery. They are responsible for assessing the patient's medical history, determining the appropriate anesthesia plan, and prescribing pre-operative medications. Cardiologists focus on diagnosing and treating heart conditions, surgeons perform the actual surgical procedure, and medical internists specialize in the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of internal diseases. The anesthesiologist plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and comfort of the patient before, during, and after surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority intervention in managing acute pancreatitis is to administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration. Acute pancreatitis can lead to significant fluid loss and dehydration due to factors such as vomiting and third-spacing of fluids into the retroperitoneal space. Adequate hydration helps to optimize perfusion to the pancreas, prevent hypovolemic shock, and support overall organ function. This intervention also aids in flushing out inflammatory mediators and preventing complications such as acute kidney injury. Monitoring fluid status and adjusting the rate of intravenous fluid administration based on the patient's response is crucial in the management of acute pancreatitis. While other interventions such as imaging studies, nutritional support, and gastric acid suppression may be important in managing acute pancreatitis, ensuring adequate hydration is the most critical initial step.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best action in this situation would be to administer the ordered antibiotic trimethoprim (Trimpex). A urinary tract infection (UTI) requires antibiotic treatment to eliminate the bacterial infection causing the symptoms. Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is a urinary tract analgesic that can help relieve urinary pain but does not treat the infection itself. Bethanechol is a cholinergic medication used to treat urinary retention, not a UTI. Acetaminophen and a warm bath may help with some discomfort but do not address the underlying infection causing the urinary pain. Therefore, administering the prescribed antibiotic would be the most appropriate action to target the source of the patient's symptoms.