Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nursing shortage has led to a situation where students may be assigned to preceptors who have not yet developed expertise in the field of interest. This is a direct effect of the shortage as experienced and qualified nurses may not always be available to mentor students. This can impact the quality of education and training students receive, potentially hindering their learning and skill development. Options A, B, and C are incorrect: A: While it is true that devoted qualified nurses may be providing bedside nursing due to the complexity of care required, this does not directly relate to the effect of the nursing shortage on nursing education. B: The increase in the number of applicants and limited enrollment due to financial reasons is a separate issue from the shortage's impact on nursing education. C: The increase in nurses entering graduate school does not necessarily result in a lower faculty/student ratio for nursing students and is not a direct effect of the nursing shortage on nursing education.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Total patient care. Total patient care system involves one nurse being responsible for all aspects of care for a specific patient, including personal hygiene, medication administration, education, and emotional support. This system ensures continuity, individualized care, and better communication between the nurse, patient, and family. Partnership nursing (B) involves collaboration between the nurse and patient, team nursing (C) involves a team of healthcare providers working together, and functional nursing (D) involves dividing tasks among different healthcare professionals, none of which fully align with the comprehensive care provided in total patient care system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mal ojo. In Hispanic culture, red yarn around the wrist is believed to protect against mal ojo, or "evil eye." This belief stems from the idea that envy or admiration can lead to negative energy being directed at a person, particularly children, causing harm or illness. By complimenting the child's "jewelry," the nurse is acknowledging and respecting the cultural belief in warding off mal ojo. Summary: - A: Mal ojo is the correct answer as the red yarn is believed to protect against it. - B: Susto is a condition related to fright or soul loss, not associated with red yarn. - C: Bilis refers to bile and is not relevant to the red yarn. - D: Empacho is a digestive illness, unrelated to the red yarn tradition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Informatics. Nurses on the orthopedic unit are demonstrating informatics competency by using PDAs for medication review and accessing video clips for procedures. This showcases their ability to utilize technology to enhance patient care. Patient-centered care (A) focuses on individualized care, teamwork (C) emphasizes collaboration, and quality improvement (D) pertains to enhancing processes. The use of technology in this scenario aligns most closely with the informatics competency, making it the best choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the prehistoric period. During this time, people relied heavily on spiritual beliefs and rituals for healing. Sacrificing animals and using herbs in rituals to treat ailments was common practice. In contrast, early civilization in Egypt (B) had more advanced medical practices, the Renaissance (C) saw a shift towards scientific medicine, and the Middle Ages (D) had a mix of spiritual and medical practices, but not as primitive as the prehistoric period.