Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement about epidural analgesia is that it limits pain reduction to the pelvic region by blocking nerve signals from that specific area, providing pain relief during labor and delivery. Choice A is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not numb the entire lower half of the body. Choice C is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not strengthen uterine contractions; in fact, it may sometimes weaken them. Choice D is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not shorten the length of labor; it can sometimes prolong labor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Three-month-old Jefferson will likely listen longer to human speech compared to nonspeech sounds because infants have a natural preference for speech sounds. This preference is believed to be attributed to their biological readiness to learn language and communicate with others. Choice A is incorrect because voices are a form of human speech, which is preferred over pure tones. Choice B is incorrect as noises do not necessarily engage infants' attention as effectively as human speech. Choice D is incorrect because Jefferson is more likely to listen longer to his native language rather than a foreign language at this early age.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, isotretinoin. Isotretinoin is a medication commonly used to treat severe acne, but it is a potent teratogen, meaning it can cause severe birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Aspirin (choice A) is not a widely used potent teratogen. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (choice B) was a known teratogen, but it is not currently widely used. Thalidomide (choice C) was another historical teratogen, but it is also not currently widely used. Therefore, isotretinoin is the most relevant answer as it is a commonly used medication that poses a high risk of birth defects if used during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Baby Ian is demonstrating the Moro reflex. The Moro reflex is a normal newborn reflex that occurs when a baby feels like they are falling or losing support. It is characterized by arching the back, extending the legs, throwing the arms outward, and then bringing the arms in toward the body. This reflex is a primitive survival instinct that typically disappears around 6 months of age. Choice A, palmar grasp, involves the baby's fingers closing around an object when it touches their palm. Choice C, tonic neck reflex, involves the baby assuming a fencing position when their head is turned to one side. Choice D, Babinski reflex, is characterized by the fanning out and curling of the baby's toes when the sole of the foot is stroked.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement that baby boomers were labeled a narcissistic, indulged, 'me' generation aligns with the common perception of this generation in popular culture and media. Baby boomers, who were born between 1946 and 1964, have often been characterized in this way due to their reputation for self-centeredness and individualism. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the typical perception of baby boomers in popular culture and media.