mcgraw hill microbiology test bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neisser staining. This method is specifically used to identify cytoplasmic inclusions by staining them with a specific dye that highlights these structures. Neisser staining is designed to selectively target and visualize cytoplasmic inclusions, making it the most appropriate choice for this purpose. Option B: Clett staining, Option C: Ziehl-Nielsen staining, and Option D: Gram staining are not typically used for identifying cytoplasmic inclusions. Clett staining is not a commonly known staining method for this purpose. Ziehl-Nielsen staining is primarily used to detect acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gram staining is used to differentiate bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on cell wall characteristics. Therefore, these options are not suitable for identifying cytoplasmic inclusions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Gram-negative bacillus indicates P. aeruginosa, known for causing wound infections. Step 2: Semi-transparent mucous colonies of blue-green color with a pearlescent appearance are characteristic of P. aeruginosa. Step 3: Specific odor of violets or jasmine is a unique feature of P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the correct answer is A: P. aeruginosa. Summary: - B: P. vulgaris typically forms yellow colonies and doesn't have the characteristic odor. - C: S. aureus forms creamy white colonies, not blue-green, and has a distinct odor. - D: S. pyogenes forms grayish-white colonies and doesn't have the unique characteristics described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BKV. BK virus can cause hemorrhagic cystitis in immunocompromised patients by infecting the urinary tract. It primarily affects the renal tubular epithelial cells, leading to hemorrhagic cystitis. EBV (A) causes infectious mononucleosis, HSV1 (C) causes oral and genital herpes, and JCV (D) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, none of which are associated with hemorrhagic cystitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Volutin granules. Volutin granules are metachromatic granules that stain dark blue with methylene blue or Leishman stain. In diphtheria-causing bacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, these granules are typically seen as yellow rods with dark blue thickenings on their ends when stained. Volutin granules are storage inclusions composed of polymetaphosphate that serve as an energy reserve for the bacteria. The presence of these granules in the detected microorganisms indicates the characteristic feature of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Summary of other choices: B: Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are not typically visible on stained smears. C: Capsules are outer protective layers that are not visible on stained smears. D: Spores are reproductive structures formed by certain bacteria, not typically seen in Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Treponema pallidum. 1. Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium known to cause syphilis. 2. Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, not syphilis. 3. Leptospira interrogans causes leptospirosis, not syphilis. 4. Rickettsia rickettsii causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, not syphilis. Therefore, Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, making it the correct answer.