geriatric nursing exam questions with rationale

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because life expectancy is influenced by multiple factors such as gender, ethnicity, and living environment. Gender does play a role, but it is not the sole determinant. Ethnicity and living environment also significantly impact life expectancy. Genetic factors may contribute, but they are not the primary factor affecting life expectancy. Therefore, choice C is the most comprehensive and accurate statement. Choices A and B are incorrect as they oversimplify the factors that influence life expectancy, while choice D is also incorrect as it overlooks the significant impact of other factors beyond genetics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Low calcium intake. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more susceptible to fractures. Calcium is essential for bone health, and a low intake can lead to decreased bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis. Physical activity, while beneficial for overall health, is not a significant risk factor for osteoporosis. High alcohol consumption can contribute to bone loss but is not as significant as low calcium intake. Genetics play a role in predisposing individuals to osteoporosis, but it is not a modifiable risk factor like low calcium intake. Thus, B is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: For patients 65 years and older to be given sensitive and exemplary care. NICHE aims to provide specialized, high-quality care for older adults through evidence-based practices. This answer aligns with NICHE's goal of improving care quality for elderly patients. Choice A is too restrictive and does not encompass the holistic approach of NICHE. Choice B focuses on cost rather than quality of care. Choice C is vague and does not capture the essence of NICHE's mission to enhance care for older adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because baby boomers were exposed to unhealthy lifestyle choices and environments in their formative years, contributing to the prevalence of chronic conditions. This is supported by research showing that environmental factors, such as diet and exposure to toxins, play a significant role in the development of chronic illnesses. Additionally, unhealthy habits established in youth can have long-term effects on health. Choice A is incorrect because higher physical activity rates during youth would typically lead to better health outcomes, not increased chronic conditions. Choice C is incorrect as better access to preventive healthcare services would likely reduce chronic conditions, not increase them. Choice D is incorrect because education about nutrition and wellness would typically lead to healthier lifestyle choices and lower rates of chronic conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Intermittent claudication, defined as pain in the lower extremities with walking that improves with rest, is a classic symptom of moderate to severe PAD. This occurs due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles during exercise. Other choices are incorrect: A is typically associated with syncope or fainting; B is more indicative of cardiovascular or pulmonary issues; and C is more commonly seen in mesenteric ischemia.