Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing Process Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because tachycardia (increased heart rate) and dilated pupils are classic responses of the sympathetic nervous system activation. Sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, leading to increased heart rate and dilated pupils to prepare the body for quick action. Choice B is incorrect because hypoglycemia and headache are not specific to sympathetic nervous system function. Choice C is incorrect because increased peristalsis and abdominal cramping are more indicative of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Choice D is incorrect because pupil constriction and bronchoconstriction are actions of the parasympathetic nervous system, responsible for rest and digest functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: �You�ll need more insulin when you exercise or increase your food intake.� In type 1 diabetes, exercise and increased food intake can lead to increased glucose levels, requiring more insulin to maintain blood sugar control. Increasing physical activity can enhance insulin sensitivity, necessitating adjustments in insulin dosage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the physiological response in type 1 diabetes. B suggests needing less insulin when exercising, which is inaccurate as physical activity can lower blood sugar levels. C implies needing less insulin with increased food intake, which is incorrect as more food can lead to higher glucose levels. D suggests needing more insulin when decreasing food intake, which is not necessarily true as lower food intake can result in lower glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (5 years) because ALS is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. The median life expectancy for most ALS patients is around 3-5 years from the onset of symptoms. Choice A (3 years) is too short for 50% of patients. Choice B (10 years) and Choice D (20 years) are longer than the typical life expectancy for ALS patients, making them incorrect. The progression of ALS varies among individuals, but statistically, 50% of patients would be expected to live around 5 years after diagnosis.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: A: The patient will ambulate in the hallway twice this shift using crutches correctly. Rationale: 1. This choice outlines a specific nursing intervention - ambulating with crutches. 2. It includes clear actions for the patient to ambulate and specifies using crutches correctly. 3. It addresses the patient's physical mobility needs actively. 4. It focuses on promoting independence and functional ability. Summary of other choices: B: This choice includes the nursing diagnosis and the plan but lacks the specificity of the correct answer. C: This choice includes the nursing diagnosis and specifies the use of crutches but lacks the clarity of correct implementation. D: This choice only identifies the patient's condition without providing a specific nursing intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil, 5 FU [Fluoroplex]). Fluorouracil is commonly used in chemotherapy for liver cancer to inhibit cancer cell growth. It is a pyrimidine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. Fluoxymesterone (A) is an androgen used in hormone replacement therapy, not in liver cancer treatment. Tamoxifen (C) is an antiestrogen used in breast cancer treatment, not liver cancer. Megestrol (D) is a progestin used in hormone therapy for breast cancer and endometrial cancer, not liver cancer. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it directly targets cancer cell growth in liver cancer treatment.