Which of the following is a typical sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?- Skildor

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jarvis physical assessment test bank Questions

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following is a typical sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A. Excessive urination B. Ketone bodies in the urine C. High blood pressure D. Slow heart rate

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis often results in the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, along with hyperglycemia.

Question 2 of 5

A 70-year-old man has bothersome lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). His symptoms are no longer well managed with lifestyle modifications. He is interested in medication to reduce his urinary symptoms but is concerned about possible side effects. He notes that he is recently married and sexual activity is very important to him. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for this patient?

A. Alfuzosin B. Ditropan C. Dutasteride D. Tamsulosin

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 blocker that helps alleviate urinary symptoms without significantly impacting sexual function.

Question 3 of 5

Mr. B is an 82-year-old enrolled in your primary care clinic panel. His wife is his primary caregiver and feels stressed and overwhelmed. What option would be appropriate for Mr. B except:

A. Adult day program B. Assisted living C. Skilled nursing facility D. In-home paid care provider

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Skilled nursing facilities are typically for patients who require higher levels of medical care, which may not be needed for Mr. B.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Decision-making capacity can be determined only by a psychiatrist. B. A diagnosis of dementia precludes competent decision making. C. Lack of decision-making capacity should not be presumed if the patient goes against medical advice. D. Expression of a choice is sufficient to indicate decision-making capacity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A patient's decision-making capacity cannot be assumed to be absent solely based on their refusal of medical advice.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is working with an older adult who is at risk for malnutrition. Which of the following interventions is the most appropriate?

A. Administer high-calorie supplements. B. Encourage intake of a variety of foods rich in vitamins and minerals. C. Restrict caloric intake to prevent weight gain. D. Focus on protein supplements exclusively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A balanced diet with a variety of foods helps ensure adequate nutrition, including vitamins and minerals, in older adults.

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Several years later, Mr. Hunter, who is now 75 years old, seeks additional intervention for his urinary symptoms that have progressed further. He now experiences slow urinary stream, hesitancy, straining, and a feeling of incomplete emptying in addition to the previous urinary urgency and frequency. At times, he has noted blood in his urine. He has had five urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the past 2 years. His current IPSS is 24, with a bother score of 5 indicating severe voiding symptoms with high impact on his quality of life. Mr. Hunter�s updated medical history includes hypertension, coronary artery disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, cataract surgery 4 years ago, and two falls within the past year while rushing to the bathroom during the night. Current medications are aspirin, metoprolol, finasteride, and tamsulosin. Physical examination reveals an enlarged, nontender prostate, about 50 g in size without discrete nodules. Upon further evaluation, the intermittent hematuria is attributed to BPH. Postvoid residual volume is 110 mL. Uroflowmetry reveals urinary flow rate of 12 mL/s. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

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