Adult Health Nursing Answer Key

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The herbal medicine recommended by the Department of Health for cough is Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex negundo). Lagundi has been found to have properties that can help relieve cough, asthma, and other respiratory conditions. It has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for these purposes and has gained recognition for its effectiveness in managing cough symptoms. Additionally, Lagundi is also known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, further supporting its use in addressing respiratory ailments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient in this scenario presents with normocytic normochromic anemia, normal iron studies, and elevated serum erythropoietin levels. These findings are characteristic of anemia of chronic disease, which is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, there is a decrease in renal production of erythropoietin, leading to reduced stimulation of erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia. The normocytic normochromic anemia pattern is typical in anemia of chronic disease, as opposed to microcytic hypochromic anemia seen in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia, which is not described in the scenario. Therefore, the most likely cause of the patient's presentation is chronic kidney disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurse Vera should focus on the last menstrual period when assessing the health condition of the pregnant patient because it is crucial for determining the estimated due date of the pregnancy. Knowing the date of the last menstrual period allows healthcare providers to calculate the gestational age of the fetus, monitor the progress of the pregnancy, and identify any potential issues or complications that may arise. Additionally, the last menstrual period is necessary for accurate dating of the pregnancy and scheduling prenatal care visits and screenings. By focusing on the last menstrual period, Nurse Vera can gather important information that will guide the management and care of the pregnant patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When controlling severe external bleeding from an extremity, the recommended action is to apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing. Direct pressure helps to stop the bleeding by promoting clot formation and reducing blood flow from the wound. This method is effective in most cases and should be the first response to control bleeding. Elevating the extremity above the level of the heart can be helpful in some cases, but direct pressure is the initial recommended action. Applying a tourniquet proximal to the injury site should only be done as a last resort when other methods are not successful, as it can lead to complications such as tissue damage. Removing any impaled objects can actually worsen the bleeding and should be avoided unless necessary for immediate life-saving measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it can take an average of 8-10 years before the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. However, AIDS can manifest sooner in some cases, typically within 2 years, especially if the person's immune system is already significantly compromised or if they have other underlying health conditions. Thus, the manifestation of AIDS can vary, but it generally occurs within a range of 2 to 10 years after initial HIV infection.