basic geriatric nursing 6th edition test bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lack of physical exercise contributes the most to aging-related cognitive decline. Regular physical exercise increases blood flow to the brain, promotes neurogenesis, and enhances cognitive function. It also reduces the risk of developing conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Chronic stress (A) can impact cognitive function, but it is not the primary factor in aging-related decline. Poor nutrition (B) can negatively affect brain health, but exercise has a more significant impact. Social isolation (C) is also detrimental to cognitive health, but physical exercise has been shown to have a more substantial influence on cognitive decline in aging individuals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Relief from physical, emotional, and spiritual suffering. This is the best indicator of a successful transition to hospice care for older adults because hospice care focuses on providing comfort and improving quality of life rather than curative treatments. Relief from suffering aligns with the goals of hospice care, addressing the holistic needs of patients. Choice A is incorrect as complete cessation of all medical treatments may not be appropriate for all patients in hospice care. Choice B is incorrect as improvement in physical strength may not be the primary goal in hospice care. Choice D is incorrect as long-term emotional stability is important but not necessarily the best indicator of a successful transition to hospice care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Delirium in older adults results from reversible metabolic changes, such as electrolyte imbalances. Delirium is a multifactorial condition often triggered by physiological imbalances, including electrolyte disturbances. These imbalances can disrupt normal brain function, leading to confusion and cognitive impairment. Other choices are incorrect: A is more typical of sepsis, C is more associated with conditions like dementia, and D is not a primary cause of delirium.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Regular repositioning every 2 hours. Repositioning helps to relieve pressure on vulnerable areas, improving blood flow and preventing tissue damage. This intervention is evidence-based and recommended in pressure ulcer prevention guidelines. Administering pain medications before repositioning (B) does not address the root cause of pressure ulcers. Encouraging excessive hydration (C) may have other health benefits but does not directly prevent pressure ulcers. Using restrictive bandages (D) can actually increase pressure and worsen the risk of pressure ulcers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Help each person with individual activities. This intervention aligns with promoting gerotranscendence, as it focuses on supporting older adults in engaging in personal growth and reflection. By assisting individuals with meaningful activities tailored to their preferences and abilities, the nurse encourages self-discovery and personal fulfillment. A: Giving a daily tea party for the group may foster social interaction but does not necessarily address individual growth or self-reflection. B: Calling each family to encourage visiting may help reduce isolation but does not directly promote gerotranscendence. C: Assisting them to resume midlife patterns may not be suitable as older adults may benefit more from exploring new activities and perspectives in their later years.