geriatric nursing exam questions with rationale

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because straining to void can lead to increased vagal stimulation, resulting in decreased blood pressure upon standing (orthostatic hypotension). A: age and walker use don't directly increase risk. C: a leg cast may not directly affect blood pressure. D: Premarin use is not a common cause of orthostatic hypotension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Checking postural blood pressures is essential to assess for orthostatic hypotension in an elderly client with a history of falls and hypertension medication. Orthostatic hypotension can lead to falls, so monitoring postural B/Ps is crucial. Checking B/P every 2 hours (choice A) is not necessary and could cause unnecessary discomfort to the client. Checking serum sodium levels (choice C) and serum creatinine levels (choice D) are not directly related to the client's risk factors for falls post-prostate surgery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Magicoreligious. This belief involves attributing illness to supernatural forces or divine punishment. In this scenario, the patient's statement implies a belief that her illness is a result of angering God, indicating a magical or religious explanation. Choice A (Biomedical) focuses on scientific and physical causes of illness, which is not reflected in the patient's statement. Choice C (Naturalistic) involves viewing illness as a part of the natural world, without supernatural elements. Choice D (Ayurvedic) is a traditional Indian system of medicine and does not relate to the patient's belief in supernatural punishment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it states that the exact cause of super-centenarians' longevity and good health is not known. This acknowledges the uncertainty and complexity of the situation, highlighting the need for further research and understanding. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Genetic makeup alone may not fully explain super-centenarians' survival, as there are likely additional factors involved. B: Living in wealthier areas does not guarantee longevity or good health, as there are many other factors at play. D: While quality medical care and improved social conditions can contribute to health, they are not the sole reasons for super-centenarians' exceptional longevity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Intermittent claudication, defined as pain in the lower extremities with walking that improves with rest, is a classic symptom of moderate to severe PAD. This occurs due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles during exercise. Other choices are incorrect: A is typically associated with syncope or fainting; B is more indicative of cardiovascular or pulmonary issues; and C is more commonly seen in mesenteric ischemia.