Adult Health Nursing Answer Key

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When controlling severe external bleeding from an extremity, the recommended action is to apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing. Direct pressure helps to stop the bleeding by promoting clot formation and reducing blood flow from the wound. This method is effective in most cases and should be the first response to control bleeding. Elevating the extremity above the level of the heart can be helpful in some cases, but direct pressure is the initial recommended action. Applying a tourniquet proximal to the injury site should only be done as a last resort when other methods are not successful, as it can lead to complications such as tissue damage. Removing any impaled objects can actually worsen the bleeding and should be avoided unless necessary for immediate life-saving measures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to ensure patient safety during a bedside bronchoscopy procedure is to obtain informed consent from the patient or their legal representative. Informed consent is a vital ethical and legal requirement before any medical procedure. It ensures that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure, as well as gives the patient the authority to make decisions about their healthcare. By obtaining informed consent, the nurse ensures that the patient has been properly informed and agrees to undergo the bronchoscopy, which promotes patient autonomy and safety. Administering sedation, using topical anesthesia, and restricting food intake are also important aspects of bronchoscopy preparation, but obtaining informed consent is the primary action to prioritize patient safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should encourage the parents to relate to each twin individually to enhance the attachment process. Building a strong attachment between the parents and each twin individually is vital for their emotional and psychological development. By spending quality one-on-one time with each twin, the parents can foster a unique bond with them, which can positively impact their relationship and overall development. This approach also helps prevent favoritism and ensures that each twin receives the attention and care they need to thrive.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A cohort study design would be appropriate in this scenario. Cohort studies follow a group of individuals over a period of time to assess how their current health status, personal characteristics, and potential risk factors may contribute to the development of certain outcomes or diseases. By collecting data at different time points on the same group of individuals, cohort studies allow researchers to establish associations between exposures and outcomes, providing valuable information on causality. In this case, using a cohort study design would allow for a comprehensive examination of how various factors impact health outcomes over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of a patient with progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, fine inspiratory crackles, and HRCT findings of diffuse reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis is highly suggestive of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a specific subtype of ILD characterized by progressive scarring of the lung tissue, leading to the symptoms mentioned above. The presence of reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis on HRCT is a typical finding in IPF.