Proctored Nutrition ATI

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: sulfur. Sulfur-containing amino acids like cysteine and methionine play a crucial role in forming disulfide bonds within proteins. These bonds are essential for the proper folding and structural stability of proteins. Phosphorus (choice A), selenium (choice C), and iron (choice D) do not directly contribute to shaping proteins through bond formation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose levels, and high blood insulin levels. Rapid destruction of the pancreas is not a feature of this condition. The destruction of pancreatic beta cells is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, not type 2 diabetes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are all characteristic features of type 2 diabetes, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'enriched flour.' In ingredient lists, items are typically listed by weight in descending order. Therefore, the first ingredient, in this case, 'enriched flour,' is the most abundant by weight. Choice A, 'milk,' is not the most abundant as it appears last in the list. Choice B, 'eggs,' and choice C, 'sugar,' also rank lower in the list compared to 'enriched flour,' making them less abundant by weight.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fluid retention can mask weight loss in ill individuals as the retained fluid adds to body weight, making it difficult to detect true fat or muscle loss. Dehydration (Choice A) would actually lead to weight loss rather than masking it. While a large tumor (Choice B) could contribute to weight loss, it would not mask the weight loss itself. Drug therapy (Choice C) may cause side effects, including weight changes, but it is unlikely to mask significant weight loss in the same way that fluid retention does.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Low levels of HDL cholesterol are a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk because HDL helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because low HDL levels are not associated with being underweight but rather with increased CHD risk. Choice B is incorrect as low HDL levels are not more prevalent in males but can affect both genders. Choice D is incorrect as low levels of HDL are indeed a good predictor of CHD risk.