ATI Nutrition Practice Test A 2019

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing the intake of refined carbohydrates is the most effective dietary modification for a client with type 2 diabetes who aims to improve their glycemic control. Refined carbohydrates can cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, making diabetes management more difficult. Increasing the intake of saturated fats (Choice A) is not advisable as it can negatively impact heart health. Completely avoiding all fruits (Choice C) is unnecessary because most fruits have a low glycemic index and provide essential nutrients. Increasing the intake of sugary snacks (Choice D) will deteriorate glycemic control due to their high sugar content.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Following colostomy surgery, a healthy stoma should appear pink, moist, and slightly protruding from the abdomen, which is why option 'A' is the correct answer. A gray stoma (choice 'B') could indicate poor blood supply or necrosis, which is a serious complication. A dry stoma (choice 'C') is also not normal as it should be moist; a dry stoma may suggest dehydration or other complications. While a stoma can appear red (choice 'D'), this is not typically the normal color; it should usually be pink. Therefore, it's important for healthcare professionals to correctly identify the normal and abnormal appearances of a stoma to ensure proper patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When measuring blood pressure, the cuff should be inflated to 30 mmHg above the estimated systolic blood pressure based on palpation of the radial or brachial artery. This ensures an accurate blood pressure measurement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Deflating the cuff fully before starting a second reading (Choice A) does not directly relate to the position of the cuff during a reading. Deflating the cuff quickly after inflating to 180 mmHg (Choice B) is not recommended because it can potentially lead to inaccurate readings. While ensuring the cuff is large enough to wrap around the upper arm positioned 1 cm above the brachial artery is important (Choice C), this alone does not guarantee an accurate blood pressure reading. The correct inflation based on palpation is the key element for accuracy, which is why Choice D is correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Develop methods for data collection' (Choice D). In the nursing research process, after the research problem has been identified, the next step would typically be to develop methods for how data will be collected. This is essential to effectively address the research problem. 'Review related literature' (Choice A), while an important step, usually occurs after the research problem has been identified and before methods for data collection are developed. 'Seek permission from the hospital administrator' (Choice B) might be necessary at some point in certain situations, but it is not the immediate next step in the research process. 'Identify the research problem' (Choice C) would typically come before developing methods for data collection. Therefore, according to the typical sequence of steps in the nursing research process, Choice D is correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Orthopnea. Orthopnea is a medical condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while lying down. To alleviate this difficulty, the person may need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows. On the other hand, Dyspnea refers to general shortness of breath which is not specifically related to the position of the body. Eupnea is the term for normal, unlabored breathing, and Apnea is a condition characterized by the cessation of breathing. Thus, none of these other choices directly relate to the need to adjust body position or use aids like multiple pillows to breathe comfortably when lying down.