ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Respiratory distress syndrome. Respiratory distress syndrome often presents with a "ground-glass" appearance on a chest x-ray in neonates due to surfactant deficiency. Choice A, Pneumonia, typically appears as patchy infiltrates on chest x-ray. Choice C, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is characterized by hyperinflation and fibrosis, not a ground-glass appearance. Choice D, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, usually shows mediastinal shift and bowel loops in the chest cavity on x-ray, not a ground-glass appearance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hirschsprung disease should be suspected in a newborn with abdominal distention, vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. This condition arises from a congenital absence of nerve cells in a portion of the colon, leading to severe constipation and intestinal obstruction. Pyloric stenosis typically presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting in the first few weeks of life. Intussusception classically manifests with sudden onset of colicky abdominal pain and currant jelly stools. Celiac disease may present with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and abdominal distention but is less likely in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress management may be helpful. Stress is known to exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), making stress management an essential part of managing the condition. While dietary modifications can also be beneficial, a low-fiber diet is not universally recommended for IBS, as fiber can be important for some individuals. Milk products may or may not be contributing factors, as food triggers can vary among individuals. Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is not typically the first-line treatment for IBS, as it is more commonly used for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate type of play for a hospitalized toddler is parallel play. This type of play allows toddlers to engage alongside each other but not directly with each other, which can be comforting and less overwhelming in a hospital setting. Cooperative play (choice A) involves working together towards a common goal, which may be challenging for a hospitalized toddler. Competitive play (choice C) involves a level of rivalry that may not be suitable during a hospital stay. Solitary play (choice D) involves playing alone, which may not provide the social interaction and distraction that parallel play can offer in a hospital environment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.