ATI RN
microbiology an introduction tortora test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which bacteria is commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium is commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections due to its ability to cause a wide range of infections and its resistance to multiple antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections, making it a significant threat in healthcare settings. Escherichia coli (choice A) is more commonly associated with foodborne illnesses. Clostridium difficile (choice B) is known for causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacillus anthracis (choice D) is primarily associated with anthrax infections, which are not typically acquired in hospital settings.
Question 2 of 5
What preparations are used for prevention of fungal infection?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Fluconazole, Orungal, and Nizoral are antifungal medications commonly used for prevention of fungal infections. Fluconazole is a systemic antifungal agent, Orungal (Itraconazole) is used for various fungal infections, and Nizoral (Ketoconazole) is effective against a wide range of fungal infections. Choices B, C, and D do not contain antifungal medications and are unrelated to preventing fungal infections.
Question 3 of 5
A 43-year-old cattle farm worker is brought to the surgeon with fever, malaise, and inflamed lesions on his hands and arms. He reports that about 2 weeks before his presentation at the hospital he noticed small, painless, pruritic papules that quickly enlarged and developed a central vesicle. The vesicles developed into erosion and left painless necrotic ulcers with black, depressed eschar. Gram's staining of the ulcer reveals gram-positive spore-forming bacilli. Which of the following diseases is the most likely cause of these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anthrax. The clinical presentation of painless necrotic ulcers with black eschar, along with the gram-positive spore-forming bacilli seen on Gram's staining, is classic for cutaneous anthrax. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, which produces spores and can lead to skin lesions in individuals working with animals or animal products. Choice B, Chickenpox, typically presents with vesicular rash all over the body. Choice C, Syphilis, is caused by Treponema pallidum and does not present with the characteristic eschar seen in the patient. Choice D, Tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, presents with ulceroglandular lesions but lacks the black eschar characteristic of anthrax.
Question 4 of 5
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The grain-like sediment indicates a precipitation reaction. 2. Precipitins are antibodies that cause precipitation reactions. 3. In serological diagnostics, precipitation reactions are used to detect specific antibodies. 4. Therefore, the reaction revealed in this scenario is due to the presence of precipitins. Summary: A: Bacteriolysins - These antibodies cause bacterial lysis, not precipitation. C: Antitoxins - These antibodies neutralize toxins, not involved in precipitation reactions. D: Opsonins - These antibodies enhance phagocytosis, not related to precipitation reactions.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following does NOT describe Cephalosporins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: interferes with protein synthesis. Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, not protein synthesis. They are bactericidal and have a relatively broad spectrum of activity against various bacteria. Choice A, B, and C all describe characteristics of cephalosporins, making them incorrect options.
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