Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC) allows nurses to practice using one license in any state that is part of the compact and recognizes the NCLEX as the source of licensure. This promotes mobility and access to care across state lines. Choice A is incorrect because the nurse is not held responsible for complying with the nursing practice laws of each state individually. Choice B is incorrect as purchasing a license in each state defeats the purpose of the compact. Choice C is incorrect as residency is not determined by where the nurse was educated but by the state where they hold a license.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks. UAP and LPN/LVNs are crucial in supporting the RN by carrying out tasks within their scope of practice under the RN's supervision. This is essential to ensure efficient patient care delivery and allow the RN to focus on more complex nursing assessments and interventions. A: Supplementing the staffing pattern when an RN is not available is incorrect because UAP and LPN/LVNs work alongside RNs, not as substitutes for them. C: Replacing the RN in long-term care settings is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs provide valuable assistance but do not replace the RN's role. D: Providing patient teaching to allow more direct care by the RN is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs focus on task-based care rather than patient education, which is typically within the RN's scope of practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: federally recognized minorities. This is because Russian immigrants are considered a federally recognized minority group in the United States. By searching under this category, the nurse can find specific and relevant information about the health beliefs and practices of this particular ethnic group. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not specifically pertain to the Russian immigrant population. Marginalized populations (B) may include various minority groups but may not provide specific information about Russian immigrants. Similarly, Asian/Pacific Islander cultures (C) and Latino cultures (D) do not encompass the unique health beliefs and practices of Russian immigrants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pareto chart. A Pareto chart is a quality improvement tool used to prioritize and focus efforts on the most significant causes of a problem. In this case, the hospital used the chart to identify the main causes of medication errors, helping them to allocate resources efficiently. The Pareto principle states that roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes, making it a powerful tool for process improvement. A: Run chart is used to track data over time but does not prioritize causes like a Pareto chart. C: Flowcharts are used to map out processes and are helpful for understanding the sequence of activities, not for prioritizing causes. D: Cause-and-effect diagrams (Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram) are used to identify and organize potential causes of a problem but do not prioritize them like a Pareto chart. In summary, the Pareto chart is the most appropriate tool in this situation because it helps focus efforts on the most significant causes

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Work with the patient and family to create an advanced plan of care. This is the best way to avoid ethical dilemmas because it involves proactive decision-making and communication among all parties involved. By creating an advanced plan of care, the patient and family can outline the patient's preferences, values, and goals for future care, ensuring that decisions align with the patient's wishes. This helps prevent potential conflicts and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding the patient's care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Explaining cognitive decline does not directly address how to avoid ethical dilemmas and may cause unnecessary distress. C: Discussing religious and spiritual concerns is important but may not specifically address future ethical dilemmas related to care decisions. D: Identifying family members in control of decision-making does not necessarily prevent ethical dilemmas and may overlook the patient's autonomy and preferences.