Nursing Process Final Exam Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Digital rectal exam (DRE) and PSA test are recommended by major health organizations for prostate cancer screening in men over 50. 2. DRE helps detect abnormalities in the prostate, while PSA test measures the levels of a protein produced by the prostate gland. 3. Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic in its early stages, so regular screening is crucial for early detection and treatment. 4. Transrectal ultrasound is not a primary screening method for prostate cancer. 5. Testicular self-exams are for detecting testicular cancer, not prostate cancer. 6. CBC, BUN, and creatinine levels are not specific tests for prostate cancer screening.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor. Patients with bone marrow depression are at increased risk of bleeding due to low platelet count. Using a soft toothbrush and electric razor helps prevent injury to the gums and skin, reducing the risk of bleeding. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because: A: Sleeping with the head of the bed slightly elevated is not directly related to preventing bleeding in bone marrow depression. C: Drinking citrus juices may irritate the stomach lining and are not specifically indicated for preventing bleeding. D: Increasing activity level and frequent ambulation may increase the risk of injury and bleeding in a patient with bone marrow depression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Digital rectal exam (DRE) and PSA test are recommended by major health organizations for prostate cancer screening in men over 50. 2. DRE helps detect abnormalities in the prostate, while PSA test measures the levels of a protein produced by the prostate gland. 3. Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic in its early stages, so regular screening is crucial for early detection and treatment. 4. Transrectal ultrasound is not a primary screening method for prostate cancer. 5. Testicular self-exams are for detecting testicular cancer, not prostate cancer. 6. CBC, BUN, and creatinine levels are not specific tests for prostate cancer screening.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse would identify platelets at 115,000/ul as an abnormal finding because it is below the normal range of 150,000-450,000/ul. Low platelet count can lead to increased bleeding risk. RBC count and hematocrit levels are within normal ranges, making them normal findings. Option D is incorrect as platelets are abnormal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apply a cream or lotion to the area. This is because radio-dermatitis is a common side effect of radiation therapy, causing skin irritation and dryness. Applying a cream or lotion helps to moisturize the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. Washing the area with soap can further irritate the skin. Leaving the skin alone may prolong discomfort and delay healing. Avoiding creams or lotions can worsen dryness and discomfort. Overall, applying a suitable cream or lotion is the most effective method to alleviate symptoms and support skin recovery in radio-dermatitis.