ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urine output. Assessing urine output is a recommended method to determine hydration status in infants. Adequate urine output indicates good hydration, while decreased urine output may suggest dehydration. Capillary refill time (Choice A) is more indicative of circulatory status rather than hydration. Skin turgor (Choice B) is a useful assessment in adults but can be less reliable in infants. Checking mucous membranes (Choice D) can provide some information on hydration, but it is not as reliable as assessing urine output in infants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Teaching about coping with stress and adjusting to chronic illness is crucial for adolescents with Crohn disease. CD is a chronic condition with no cure, so focusing on managing the disease, stress, and diet is essential for improving the adolescent's quality of life. Choice B is incorrect because Crohn disease cannot be cured surgically. Choice C is relevant but not as essential as coping with stress and chronic illness. Choice D is not a priority in teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease as it mainly focuses on preventing the spread of illness to others, which is not a significant concern with CD, and high-fiber diets may not always be suitable for individuals with this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When supporting a family whose infant has been diagnosed with biliary atresia, it is important to consider that liver transplantation may be needed eventually. Biliary atresia is a serious condition where bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder is blocked or absent. While surgical interventions like the Kasai procedure can temporarily improve bile flow and delay the need for transplantation, the long-term survival often depends on liver transplantation as the child grows older. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the prognosis for full recovery is not excellent as biliary atresia is a chronic condition that often requires ongoing medical management, death usually does not occur by 6 months of age but the condition does require intervention, and not all children with surgical correction can live normal lives without the need for further interventions like transplantation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Preoperative care for a newborn with an anorectal malformation should include feedings with sterile water only. This approach is important to avoid complications before surgery. Gastrointestinal decompression is necessary to prevent abdominal distention and potential aspiration, making choice B incorrect. Frequent suctioning and placing the newborn in a supine position with the head elevated are not typically part of the preoperative care protocol for an anorectal malformation, thus choices A and D are incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mid-upper arm circumference is a good indicator of muscle mass and fat stores, reflecting a child's nutritional status. It is particularly useful in assessing malnutrition, as it is less affected by fluid retention or dehydration compared to other anthropometric measurements. Weight can fluctuate due to factors like hydration status, making it less reliable as a sole indicator of nutritional status. Height reflects growth but may not directly indicate current nutritional status. Head circumference is more related to brain growth and development rather than overall nutritional status.