hesi health assessment test bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer IV fluids. In shock, the priority nursing action is to restore intravascular volume to improve tissue perfusion. IV fluids help increase blood pressure and cardiac output, addressing the underlying cause of shock. Monitoring vital signs (B) is important but administering fluids takes precedence. Administering fluids (C) is a general term and does not specify the urgency of IV fluids. Administering blood transfusion (D) may be indicated in certain types of shock but is not the initial priority.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vital signs. Assessing vital signs is crucial in a client presenting with symptoms of dehydration because it provides immediate information on the client's overall condition, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature. Changes in vital signs can indicate the severity of dehydration and guide the nurse in determining the appropriate interventions. Summary: - B: Urine output is important in assessing dehydration but may not provide immediate information on the client's current condition compared to vital signs. - C: Skin turgor is a sign of dehydration but may not be the most accurate or immediate indicator compared to vital signs. - D: Skin color can also provide information on dehydration, but assessing vital signs gives a more comprehensive picture of the client's condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen. After a craniotomy, the client may experience decreased oxygen levels due to the surgical procedure, anesthesia, or potential complications. Administering oxygen helps ensure adequate oxygenation to the brain and tissues. Placing the client in a supine or Trendelenburg position can increase intracranial pressure, which is contraindicated post-craniotomy. Monitoring for arrhythmias is important, but ensuring oxygenation takes precedence as hypoxia can have immediate detrimental effects on brain function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for severe allergic reactions as it acts quickly to reverse symptoms like airway swelling and low blood pressure. It helps to open airways and increase blood pressure. Antihistamines (B) are not as fast-acting as epinephrine in severe reactions. Applying a cold compress (C) is not effective in treating anaphylaxis. Placing the client in a supine position (D) can worsen breathing difficulties. Administering epinephrine is crucial in managing severe allergic reactions promptly and effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide tracheostomy care. This is the priority because maintaining the patency of the airway is crucial in a client with a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy care includes monitoring for any signs of respiratory distress, ensuring the tube is secure, assessing for any obstructions, and providing appropriate humidification. Suctioning the airway (choice B) and suctioning the tracheostomy (choice D) are important interventions but come after ensuring proper tracheostomy care. Changing the dressing (choice C) is also important but not as immediate as ensuring the airway remains clear and functional.