ATI Nursing Care of Children

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing. The most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth is the initiation of breathing. This transition is crucial for the newborn to start exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide outside the womb, marking the beginning of their independent respiratory function. Choices B, C, and D are important aspects of newborn care but are not as immediately critical as the establishment of breathing for oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, which is essential for the newborn's survival and adaptation to extrauterine life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For infants, the pinna is pulled down and back to straighten the ear canal and allow proper visualization of the tympanic membrane during otoscopic examination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Climbing is a gross motor milestone typically achieved between 2 to 3 years of age. It involves coordination and strength. Jumping in place is usually mastered around 2 years of age. Standing on one foot with help is a skill that emerges around 3 years. Riding a tricycle typically occurs closer to 3 years and involves coordination and balance, which are more refined skills compared to climbing at an earlier age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diminished breath sounds in an infant are an abnormal finding and warrant further investigation to rule out conditions like atelectasis or pneumonia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Snellen letter chart is the most commonly used test for measuring visual acuity, particularly in school-age children and adults.