Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Process evaluation focuses on assessing how well the activities and procedures are being conducted to achieve the desired outcomes. In this situation, the long waiting period in the OPD is a process issue related to the efficiency of patient flow and appointment scheduling practices. By implementing a process evaluation, the QA team can analyze and improve the workflow, identify bottlenecks causing delays, and streamline the processes to reduce waiting times for patients. This approach allows the team to make targeted improvements in the processes directly associated with the patient experience, leading to a more effective and efficient OPD operation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient is likely infected with Cryptosporidium parvum based on the symptoms of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted through contaminated water sources, such as streams. Laboratory tests revealing oocysts in the stool sample further support the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection, as these oocysts are characteristic of this parasite. Giardia lamblia is another common protozoan parasite that can cause similar symptoms but is usually associated with more foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea. Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery, which presents with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Cyclospora cayetanensis also causes watery diarrhea, but it is usually associated with foodborne outbreaks rather than waterborne transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the rare but serious adverse effects associated with metformin use is lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis results from the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as weakness, rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. Lactic acidosis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It is important for patients taking metformin to be aware of the signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis and seek immediate medical help if they experience any of these symptoms. Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial in patients taking metformin to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue align with the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The laboratory findings of hypernatremia (high sodium levels), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), and metabolic acidosis further support this diagnosis. In diabetes mellitus, the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or ineffective use of insulin by the cells (Type 2 diabetes). This leads to high blood sugar levels, causing symptoms such as polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and fatigue. The metabolic acidosis is a result of the body's breakdown of fats and proteins for energy due to the lack of glucose utilization in the cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Respiratory depression resulting from drug overdose typically leads to a decrease in the respiratory rate, known as bradypnea. This is characterized by abnormally slow breathing, which can be dangerous as it may lead to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Bradypnea indicates a slowing down of the respiratory drive, in contrast to hyperventilation, biot's respiration, or tachypnea. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor a patient experiencing respiratory depression for signs of bradypnea and intervene promptly to prevent further complications.