nclex practice questions 2023 health assessment

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: filter out dust and bacteria. The ciliated mucous membrane in the nose traps dust and bacteria present in the inhaled air through the mucus layer and then moves them towards the throat to be swallowed or expelled. This helps in protecting the respiratory system from harmful particles. Choice A is incorrect as the warming of inhaled air is primarily done by the nasal passages and sinuses, not the ciliated mucous membrane. Choice C is incorrect because the filtering of coarse particles is also done by the nasal hairs and the mucous membrane working together, not just the ciliated mucous membrane alone. Choice D is incorrect as the movement of air through the nares is mainly controlled by the size of the nostrils and is not the primary function of the ciliated mucous membrane.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Teeth that appear shorter. As people age, teeth naturally wear down and may appear shorter due to years of use. This is a normal part of the aging process. B: A smoother tongue is not a typical age-related change. C: Beefy red buccal mucosa may be indicative of an underlying health issue, not solely related to aging. D: A painless lump on the tongue could be a sign of a more serious condition and should be investigated further.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because lymph nodes are accessible for examination in the head and neck, arms, breasts, and axillae. Lymph nodes are present in these areas where they can be easily palpated and assessed for any signs of inflammation or abnormalities. The other choices are incorrect because they do not include all the areas where lymph nodes are accessible for examination. Choice A does not include the axillae, which is a crucial area for examining lymph nodes in the arms. Choice B does not include the axillae and breasts. Choice D does not include the breasts, which are important areas for lymph node examination in cases of breast cancer or other breast-related conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weber. The Weber test has been found to yield unreliable data recently due to its subjectivity and inconsistency in interpretation. The test involves placing a vibrating tuning fork on the midline of the head to assess lateralization of sound. However, factors like bone conduction and individual perception can influence the results, leading to inaccuracies. Romberg test (B) evaluates balance, Whisper test (C) assesses hearing sensitivity, and Audiometer (D) measures hearing thresholds objectively. These tests are more reliable in providing accurate data compared to the Weber test.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: lichenification. Lichenification is the thickening and hardening of the skin due to chronic scratching or rubbing. In this case, the patient's continuous scratching has led to lichenification. The term "terrible itch" indicates a persistent and severe itching sensation, which aligns with the chronic scratching behavior. Choices A, B, and C are not correct because a keloid is an overgrowth of scar tissue, a fissure is a small cut or crack in the skin, and keratosis is the thickening of the outer layer of the skin. These conditions are not directly related to chronic scratching behavior.