foundations of nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: Abdominal cramping in a patient on enteral feedings could indicate feeding intolerance. The nurse's initial action should be to slow down the rate of the tube feeding to allow the patient's gastrointestinal tract to adjust gradually. This helps reduce the risk of further complications and allows for better tolerance. Slowing the rate is a safe and effective intervention that can help alleviate the abdominal cramping without causing additional stress on the patient's digestive system. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Instilling cold formula is not a recommended practice and can potentially cause harm or discomfort to the patient. C: Changing to a high-fat formula may exacerbate the abdominal cramping as it can be harder to digest for some patients. D: Consulting with the healthcare provider about prokinetic medication should come after trying less invasive interventions such as slowing the rate of tube feeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess for bladder distention. Oliguria indicates decreased urine output, which could be due to urinary retention. Assessing for bladder distention helps identify the underlying cause. Requesting diuretics (B) without assessing first is premature. Increasing IV fluid rate (C) may worsen the situation if there is urinary retention. Encouraging caffeinated beverages (D) is not appropriate as they can worsen dehydration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focusing the patient's immune system exclusively on the tumor. Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) work by enhancing the body's natural defenses to target and attack cancer cells specifically. This approach helps the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. A: Promoting the synthesis and release of leukocytes - This is not the primary mechanism of action for BRMs. While leukocytes play a role in the immune response, BRMs target the immune system's response to tumors. C: Potentiating the effects of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy - While some BRMs may be used in combination with these treatments, their primary mode of action is not to enhance the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. D: Altering the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the patient - This choice is too broad and vague. BRMs specifically aim to direct the immune response towards targeting the tumor cells, rather than altering the overall immunologic relationship

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical decision support system. A clinical decision support system is a type of system or design that helps healthcare professionals, including nurses, in making clinical decisions by providing them with relevant information and knowledge. This system assists in analyzing data to generate patient-specific recommendations or alerts to improve patient care. In the given scenario, the nurse's need to find, evaluate, and use information effectively aligns with the purpose of a clinical decision support system. This system enables the nurse to access evidence-based information, guidelines, and recommendations to enhance their decision-making process and improve patient outcomes. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Computer competency does not equate to informatics competency. While computer skills are important, informatics involves a deeper understanding of using information effectively in practice. B: This choice provides a detailed explanation of informatics but does not directly address the type of system or design the nurse would be using to find, evaluate, and use information effectively. D: Nursing process

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: At a memorial service. This is a safe venue for the nurse to express her feelings of frustration and grief about a patient who has recently died because a memorial service is specifically designed to honor and remember the deceased. It provides a supportive and understanding environment where emotions can be shared openly without judgment. The nurse can find comfort in sharing her feelings with others who have also been impacted by the patient's passing. Incorrect choices: A: In the cafeteria - Not an appropriate setting for expressing personal emotions related to death and dying. B: At a staff meeting - Might not be the most suitable place as the focus is on work-related matters. C: At a social gathering - Not specifically designed for processing grief and may not provide the necessary support and understanding.