Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing Process Questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 2, 3, and 4. High cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle are modifiable risk factors for developing hypertension. High cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, increasing blood pressure. Smoking can constrict blood vessels, raising blood pressure. Sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity and overall poor cardiovascular health, contributing to hypertension. Race and age are non-modifiable risk factors. Choice A is incorrect because it includes race, a non-modifiable factor. Choice B is incorrect because it includes age, which is also non-modifiable. Choice D is incorrect because it includes all factors, including non-modifiable ones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Drinking cranberry juice. Cranberry juice is known to help reduce urinary odor due to its acidic nature which can help eliminate bacteria that cause odor. It also helps to maintain urinary tract health. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Eating spicy foods can actually increase body odor and may not have any impact on urinary odor. C: Foods like eggs, asparagus, or cheese may contribute to strong body odor but do not specifically address urinary odor. D: Drinking tea, coffee, and colas can potentially worsen urinary odor due to their caffeine content and impact on urinary tract health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 2, 3, and 4. High cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle are modifiable risk factors for developing hypertension. High cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, increasing blood pressure. Smoking can constrict blood vessels, raising blood pressure. Sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity and overall poor cardiovascular health, contributing to hypertension. Race and age are non-modifiable risk factors. Choice A is incorrect because it includes race, a non-modifiable factor. Choice B is incorrect because it includes age, which is also non-modifiable. Choice D is incorrect because it includes all factors, including non-modifiable ones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Crowded living conditions do not directly increase the risk of lung cancer. Step 2: Passive smoke (choice A) and air pollution (choice C) contain carcinogens linked to lung cancer. Step 3: Diet low in fruits and vegetables (choice D) may lead to poor immune function, potentially impacting cancer risk. Step 4: In summary, crowded living conditions do not contribute to lung cancer risk compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Postural hypotension. This condition is characterized by a drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness. The client's symptoms of dizziness upon standing, along with nosebleeds and blurred vision, are indicative of low blood pressure. Postural hypertension (B) is not a recognized medical condition; White coat hypertension (C) refers to elevated blood pressure readings in a medical setting due to anxiety; White coat hypotension (D) is not a recognized medical condition.