Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pareto chart. A Pareto chart is a quality tool used to prioritize issues by identifying the most significant factors contributing to a problem. In this case, the Pareto chart is appropriate because it helps visually show that inadequate hand washing is the primary cause of IV site infections, as it accounts for 80% of all infections. The chart allows the staff to focus their efforts on addressing this key issue first, which is crucial for effectively reducing the overall infection rate. Incorrect choices: A: Cause-and-effect diagram - This tool is used to identify and analyze potential causes of a problem, but it does not prioritize them in the same way a Pareto chart does. B: Run chart - A run chart is used to track data over time to identify trends and patterns, but it does not prioritize the causes of a problem like a Pareto chart. D: Flowchart - Flowcharts are used to map out a process or workflow, but they do not prioritize issues

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: critical pathway. Critical pathways are structured, multidisciplinary care plans that detail essential steps in the care of patients with specific conditions, such as heart failure. They standardize treatment by outlining the sequence and timing of interventions, tests, and medications, helping to improve efficiency and quality of care. Critical pathways guide daily care by providing a roadmap for healthcare providers to follow, ensuring that patients receive appropriate and timely interventions. Explanation of other choices: A: Benchmark - Benchmarks are standards or reference points used for comparison, not a structured care plan like a critical pathway. C: Algorithm - Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, not necessarily a comprehensive care plan like a critical pathway. D: Case management - Case management involves coordinating care and services for individual patients, not a standardized care plan for a specific disease like a critical pathway.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because creating an agenda with specific times allotted for each agenda item helps in ensuring a focused and efficient meeting. It allows for proper time management, ensures all important topics are covered, and keeps the meeting on track. Providing unlimited time for each person (A) can lead to inefficiency and derail the meeting. Covering emotional topics first (B) may not be appropriate for all meetings and could affect the flow. Waiting for latecomers and asking for excuses (D) disrupts the meeting schedule and sets a precedent for unpunctuality.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blacks. The rationale for this is that federally defined minority groups in the US typically include African Americans or Blacks. This group has historically faced disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. Russians (B) are not federally defined as a minority group in the US; Hispanics (C) and Asians or Pacific Islanders (D) are also federally recognized minority groups, but the question asks for all options that apply, and only A is explicitly mentioned in the question stem. Therefore, A is the correct answer based on the information provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Many younger workers prioritize professional advancement and flexible work hours over longevity. Step 2: This mindset leads them to change institutions to achieve their career goals. Step 3: The nurse learns about this behavior during the committee meeting. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the behavior and motivations of younger nurses. Summary: A: Encouraging older nurses to retire is age discrimination and does not address retention issues. B: Magnet hospitals attract nurses with benefits, but lack of autonomy is not the primary reason for retention issues. C: Multitasking preferences do not directly relate to recruitment and retention challenges.