Fundamentals of Nursing Nursing Process Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) - the patient verbalizing a decreased pain level less than 3 on a 0 to 10 scale by the end of this shift. This outcome is immediate, concrete, and directly related to the goal of managing pain. Choice B is incorrect as it lacks specificity and a clear timeframe for evaluation. Choice C is incorrect because the outcome is vague and does not specify when the patient needs to understand the dietary changes. Choice D is incorrect because the timeframe is provided but the outcome is not specific enough and does not directly relate to the goal of pain management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, a high protein, vitamin, and iron diet, as it directly addresses the nutritional deficiencies associated with anemia. Proteins aid in the production of red blood cells, while iron and vitamins are essential for hemoglobin synthesis. Medical therapy (A) typically involves medications or blood transfusions, not dietary changes. Fluid therapy (C) may be used for certain types of anemia, but it is not a primary intervention. Chemotherapy (D) is not indicated for the treatment of anemia, as it is used for cancer treatment. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate intervention for anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Performing a physical examination. This method allows the nurse to directly gather data from the patient's body, such as vital signs, appearance, and overall health status. It provides essential information to establish a patient's database, including baseline values and potential health issues. Reviewing current literature (A) helps in decision-making but does not directly establish a patient's database. Checking orders for tests (B) and ordering medications (D) are part of the treatment process and do not focus on gathering initial patient data.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diagnostic reasoning. This involves analyzing assessment data, utilizing critical thinking skills to identify patient problems, and formulating nursing diagnoses. Diagnostic reasoning is the process of synthesizing information to make clinical judgments and determine appropriate interventions. A: Assigning clinical cues - Incorrect. This refers to identifying observable signs or symptoms, not the process of developing a nursing diagnosis. B: Defining characteristics - Incorrect. This term is often used to describe the symptoms or manifestations associated with a nursing diagnosis, not the process of deriving the diagnosis. D: Diagnostic labeling - Incorrect. This is the final step in the nursing diagnosis process where the nurse assigns a label to the identified patient problem, not the process of critical thinking and data analysis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. It is a localized treatment that is effective in shrinking tumors and preventing cancer cell growth. Surgery (A) involves physically removing the tumor and surrounding tissues, while chemotherapy (C) uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Palliative treatment (D) focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life in advanced stages of cancer. In this case, the focus is on a form of cancer therapy involving high-energy electromagnetic radiation, making radiation therapy the most appropriate choice.