microbiology a systems approach test bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. B-lymphocyte antigen receptors are made by proteins called immunoglobulins. These proteins are essential for recognizing and binding to specific antigens. They play a crucial role in the immune response. Choice B is incorrect because B-lymphocyte antigen receptors are indeed made by proteins. Choice C is incorrect as well because in this case, the correct answer is that the receptors are made by proteins. Choice D is also incorrect as the receptors are made by proteins.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are all bacteria associated with causing bacterial meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis commonly causes meningococcal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae can cause H. influenzae type b meningitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumococcal meningitis. Therefore, all three bacteria are known to be causative agents of bacterial meningitis. The other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass all the bacteria associated with causing bacterial meningitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacterium is the most likely causative agent due to its characteristic features. Streptococcus pyogenes is Gram-positive cocci in chains, which matches the description provided in the question. It is also known to be beta-hemolytic, causing complete lysis of red blood cells on blood agar. Streptococcus pyogenes is a common pathogen causing sore throat, often associated with pharyngitis. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Streptococcus pneumoniae - This bacterium is Gram-positive but usually occurs in pairs (diplococci) and is alpha-hemolytic. C: Enterococcus faecalis - This bacterium is Gram-positive cocci but is not typically beta-hemolytic and is not commonly associated with sore throat infections. D: Staphylococcus aureus - This bacterium is Gram-positive cocci but usually occurs in clusters and

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein synthesis. Bacterial ribosomes are responsible for translating the genetic information from mRNA into proteins. This process involves the binding of transfer RNA molecules carrying amino acids to the ribosome and the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids to create proteins. DNA replication (A) is carried out by DNA polymerase enzymes, not ribosomes. Energy production (C) is primarily the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and cell division (D) is regulated by a complex network of proteins and signaling pathways, not ribosomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Human papillomavirus. Genital warts are caused by certain strains of HPV, specifically types 6 and 11. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes. HPV is directly linked to the development of genital warts through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Herpes simplex virus 2 causes genital herpes, not genital warts. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the immune system but does not directly cause genital warts. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not a common cause of genital warts. Therefore, HPV is the correct and most logical choice for the cause of genital warts.