Endocrinology Exam Questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Turner's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects females and is characterized by short stature and other physical abnormalities due to the absence of part or all of one of the X chromosomes. Therefore, tall stature is not characteristic of Turner's syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Karyotype 47, XYY refers to the presence of an extra Y chromosome in males. This condition is known as XYY syndrome, also called Jacob's syndrome. Individuals with XYY syndrome are typically phenotypically male but may have some associated physical and behavioral characteristics. These individuals are often referred to as "supermales" due to the presence of the extra Y chromosome. This is different from true hermaphroditism, Klinefelter's syndrome, and gonadal dysgenesis, which have distinct chromosomal patterns and manifestations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. The antibodies produced by the immune system target the thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland, leading to its destruction over time. This results in decreased thyroid hormone production, leading to hypothyroidism. Therefore, choice B, "A destructive autoimmune disease caused by auto-reactive antibodies against thyroglobulin," best describes Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Turner's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects females and is characterized by short stature and other physical abnormalities due to the absence of part or all of one of the X chromosomes. Therefore, tall stature is not characteristic of Turner's syndrome.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Oxytocin and Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), are the hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland. These hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and then transported and stored in the posterior pituitary gland until they are released into the bloodstream when needed. Oxytocin plays a role in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during lactation, while Vasopressin regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to reduce urine production and conserve water. The other hormones listed, such as Prolactin, TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, and LH, are produced by the anterior pituitary gland.