Adult Health Nursing Test Banks

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pemoline (Cylert) is a central nervous system stimulant used in the treatment of ADHD. One of the significant potential side effects of pemoline is hepatotoxicity, which can manifest as elevated liver function test results. Therefore, the nurse must monitor the patient's liver function regularly while they are taking pemoline to monitor for any signs of liver damage or dysfunction. It is essential to educate the patient about the signs and symptoms of liver problems, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, or dark urine, and to report any such symptoms immediately to their healthcare provider. Regular monitoring and early detection of liver function abnormalities can help prevent severe liver damage in patients taking pemoline.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allowing people's participation to confirm the health problems would yield better results in facilitating the recognition of the community's health issues. By involving the community members themselves in the process of identifying and acknowledging their health problems, there is a higher likelihood of garnering accurate and relevant information. This participatory approach fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment among the community members, making them more likely to actively engage in addressing the identified health concerns. Additionally, community participation can help build trust between the nurse and the residents, leading to more effective communication and collaboration in improving overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the community setting, the essential record about the patient is the patient's chart. This chart contains all important information about the patient, including medical history, treatment plans, medications, progress notes, and any other pertinent information related to the patient's care. It serves as a crucial document for healthcare providers to track and monitor the patient's health status, facilitate communication among team members, ensure continuity of care, and make informed clinical decisions. The patient's chart is a comprehensive and centralized source of information that guides the delivery of quality care in the community setting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The patient's presentation of central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, and elevated cortisol levels strongly suggest Cushing's syndrome. Cushing's syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive levels of cortisol, either due to an endogenous (e.g., adrenal tumor) or exogenous (e.g., prolonged steroid use) source. The classic physical features of Cushing's syndrome include central obesity with thin extremities (truncal obesity), moon face (rounding and reddening of the face), buffalo hump (accumulation of fat between the shoulders), and purple striae (stretch marks that are wide and purple in color). In the context of the elevated cortisol levels, these clinical signs are highly indicative of Cushing's syndrome. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus would not typically present with the specific combination of symptoms described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, which is non-cancerous. This enlargement can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary hesitancy (difficulty starting the urine stream), weak urinary stream, incomplete bladder emptying, frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia. BPH is a common condition in aging men and is not usually associated with prostate cancer. Other conditions like prostate cancer, prostatitis, and prostate adenoma may present with similar symptoms, but BPH is specifically characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Treatment for BPH may include medications to improve symptoms or surgical procedures to reduce the size of the prostate gland.