Endocrinology Exam Questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing various health conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and hypertension. However, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is not directly linked to obesity. COPD is primarily caused by exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly from cigarette smoke. While obesity can impact lung function and worsen symptoms in individuals with COPD, it is not a direct cause of the condition. Therefore, the correct answer is D, chronic obstructive lung disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare genetic disorder that mimics the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism, despite normal or elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The condition is characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and normal or elevated PTH levels. However, it is not associated with a raised level of plasma PIH (Parathyroid Inhibiting Hormone). In pseudohypoparathyroidism, the body's tissues are resistant to the action of PTH, leading to impaired calcium regulation. Other common features of pseudohypoparathyroidism may include cataract formation, mental retardation, and reduced levels of plasma phosphate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing various health conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and hypertension. However, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is not directly linked to obesity. COPD is primarily caused by exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly from cigarette smoke. While obesity can impact lung function and worsen symptoms in individuals with COPD, it is not a direct cause of the condition. Therefore, the correct answer is D, chronic obstructive lung disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. The antibodies produced by the immune system target the thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland, leading to its destruction over time. This results in decreased thyroid hormone production, leading to hypothyroidism. Therefore, choice B, "A destructive autoimmune disease caused by auto-reactive antibodies against thyroglobulin," best describes Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The gold standard for diagnosing acromegaly is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) along with growth hormone (GH) measurement. During this test, the patient is given a glucose solution to drink, and then blood samples are taken to measure GH levels at specific time intervals. In a person without acromegaly, glucose ingestion would typically suppress GH levels. However, in individuals with acromegaly, GH levels remain elevated even after glucose administration due to the inability of glucose to inhibit GH release from the tumor.